Chapter 3, Problem 3.76EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given phenol has to be named.

Concept Introduction:

When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol.  If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.

Phenol derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name.  The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.

Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered.  The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible.  If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given phenol has to be named.

Concept Introduction:

When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol.  If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.

Phenol derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name.  The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.

Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered.  The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible.  If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given phenol has to be named.

Concept Introduction:

When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol.  If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.

Phenol derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name.  The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.

Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered.  The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible.  If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given phenol has to be named.

Concept Introduction:

When one hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl group in benzene is known as phenol.  If the other hydrogen atoms present in phenol are replaced by other atoms or groups are known as phenol derivatives.

Phenol derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming phenol derivative considers phenol to be a part of main name.  The numbering is given in a way that the substituent gets the least numbering possible.

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

In all the above derivatives of phenol, the first position is occupied by hydroxyl group.

Phenol derivatives with two or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered.  The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible.  If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.