The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given. Concept Introduction: All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.

Conclusion

Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Conclusion

Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Halogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

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Shown below is the mechanism presented for the formation of biasplatin in reference 1 from the Background and Experiment document. The amounts used of each reactant are shown. Either draw or describe a better alternative to this mechanism. (Note that the first step represents two steps combined and the proton loss is not even shown; fixing these is not the desired improvement.) (Hints: The first step is correct, the second step is not; and the amount of the anhydride is in large excess to serve a purpose.)

Hi I need help on the question provided in the image.

Draw a reasonable mechanism for the following reaction:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.

Conclusion

Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Conclusion

Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Halogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.

Conclusion

Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Conclusion

Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Halogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.

Conclusion

Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Conclusion

Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Halogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.

Conclusion

Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Conclusion

Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Halogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.

Conclusion

Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.

Answer 13

Conclusion

Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.

Answer 14

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

Answer 15

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.

Answer 21

Conclusion

Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

Answer 22

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Conclusion

Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.

Answer 23

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

Answer 24

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Answer 25

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 26

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Answer 29

Conclusion

Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.

Answer 30

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Halogen can form one covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.

Conclusion

Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.

Answer 31

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

Answer 32

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3.1EP

Halogen can form one covalent bond.

Answer 33

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 34

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Explanation of Solution

Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.