Organic And Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305081079
Author: STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3.1EP
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(a)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 3.1EP
Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.
Explanation of Solution
Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.
Conclusion
Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(b)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 3.1EP
Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.
Explanation of Solution
Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.
Conclusion
Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(c)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 3.1EP
Carbon can form four covalent bonds.
Explanation of Solution
Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.
Conclusion
Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.
(d)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(d)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 3.1EP
Halogen can form one covalent bond.
Explanation of Solution
Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.
Conclusion
Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Complete the following reactions- hand written please
Give the organic product:
O A
O B
Ос
○ D
-NH–CH3
+
CH3
CH3
NEN C
?
A
CH3
CH3
NH-
CH3
B
CH3
CH3
N=N-
C
CH3
CH3
N=NNH
CH3
D
CH3
N=N
CH3
NHCH3
LNH CHO
Finish the reaction- hand written please
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.1 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.2 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 4QQCh. 3.4 - Prob. 1QQ
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 4QQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.9 - Prob. 4QQCh. 3.9 - Prob. 5QQCh. 3.9 - Prob. 6QQCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.11 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.13 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.13 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.13 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.14 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.14 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.14 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 4QQCh. 3.16 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.16 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.17 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.17 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.17 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.18 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.18 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.18 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.19 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.19 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.20 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.20 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.20 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.20 - Prob. 4QQCh. 3.20 - Prob. 5QQCh. 3.21 - Prob. 1QQCh. 3.21 - Prob. 2QQCh. 3.21 - Prob. 3QQCh. 3.21 - Prob. 4QQCh. 3.21 - Prob. 5QQCh. 3 - Prob. 3.1EPCh. 3 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.3EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.4EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.9EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.10EPCh. 3 - Write a condensed structural formula for each of...Ch. 3 - Write a condensed structural formula for each of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.13EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.14EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.15EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.16EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.17EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.18EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.19EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.20EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.21EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.22EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.23EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.24EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.25EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.26EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.27EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.28EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.29EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.30EPCh. 3 - Give the IUPAC name of the alcohol that fits each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.32EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.33EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.34EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.35EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.36EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.37EPCh. 3 - Which member of each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.39EPCh. 3 - Which member of each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Determine the maximum number of hydrogen bonds...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.42EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.43EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.44EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.45EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.46EPCh. 3 - Classify each of the following alcohols as a...Ch. 3 - Classify each of the following alcohols as a...Ch. 3 - Classify each of the following alcohols as a...Ch. 3 - Classify each of the following alcohols as a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.51EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.52EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.53EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.54EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.55EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.56EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.57EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.58EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.59EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.60EPCh. 3 - The alcohol 2,2-dimethyl-1-butanol cannot be...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.62EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.63EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.64EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.65EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.66EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.67EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.68EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.69EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.70EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.71EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.72EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.73EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.74EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.75EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.76EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.77EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.78EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.79EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.80EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.81EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.82EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.83EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.84EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.85EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.86EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.87EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.88EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.89EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.90EPCh. 3 - Classify each of the following compounds as an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.92EPCh. 3 - Draw or write the following for the simplest ether...Ch. 3 - Draw or write the following for the simplest ether...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.95EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.96EPCh. 3 - Assign a common name to each of the ethers in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.98EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.99EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.100EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.101EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.102EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.103EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.104EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.105EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.106EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.107EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.108EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.109EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.110EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.111EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.112EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.113EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.114EPCh. 3 - How many isomeric ethers exist when the R groups...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.116EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.117EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.118EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.119EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.120EPCh. 3 - Dimethyl ether and ethanol have the same molecular...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.122EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.123EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.124EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.125EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.126EPCh. 3 - Classify each of the following molecular...Ch. 3 - Classify each of the following molecular...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.129EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.130EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.131EPCh. 3 - Draw a condensed structural formula for each of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.133EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.134EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.135EPCh. 3 - Write the formulas for the sulfur-containing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.137EPCh. 3 - For each of the following pairs of compounds,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.139EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.140EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.141EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.142EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.143EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.144EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.145EPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.146EP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Give the organic products: (benzyne) Br ? CH3 + K* :NH, liq NH3 HINT: Two products are formed. Each is a substituted aniline; they are isomers of each other. NH2 II I H₂N. CH3 CH3 III Select one: ○ A. I and II ○ B. I and III O C. I and IV O D. II and III O E. III and IV H₂N CH3 IV CH₂-NH2arrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: HBr (1 equiv) cold ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of this reaction in the drawing area below. • You can draw the products in any arrangement you like. • Pay careful attention to the reaction conditions, and only include the major products. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • Note that there is only 1 equivalent of HBr reactant, so you need not consider the case of multiple additions. Erase something Explanation Check 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terarrow_forwardQ14. Fill this chart: (please refer to ppt notes/browser to answer these questions) What alcohol is also called wood alcohol? What is the common name of ethanol? Draw the structure of phenol and thiophene? Are bigger chain alcohol like heptanol and octanol are soluble or insoluble in water and explain it ? Are ethers soluble or insoluble in water? What suffix and prefix are used for alcohol while naming alcohol and ether? What the process called when we add water to any alkene to make alcohol? Q16. Draw the diagram of following aromatic compound (practice from previous module) Aniline Phenol Benzoic acid Methyl benzoate Q17. a. Write the oxidation reactions for the 2 propanol. b. Write the oxidation reaction of the ethanol.arrow_forward
- Question 11 of 18 (1 point) Question Attempt: 3 of How many signals do you expect in the 'H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red. Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. 1 For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in top molecule Check For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box…arrow_forwardOrganic Chemistry Esterification reactions 1. Write the steps to prepare ester. 2. Write complete reaction of ethanol and acetic acid to make ester. 3. What does ester smell like? What are the uses of ester. 4. What the role of sulfuric acid in the esterification reactionarrow_forward11. Complete the following esterification reaction with names of all the reactants and products under. Hint: Remove the water and end up with ester R-C-OH + ROH R-C-OR + H₂O A carboxylic acid An alcohol An ester Water BYJU'S H-C-C O-H Нин C-C-C-H HAAA H O-C-C-C-H AAA Ethanoic acid Propanol Water Propyl ethanoate By com CH3COOH + CH3CH2CH2CH₂CH₂OH → Practice for alcohols aldehydes and ketones: 12. Draw the structures from the following names mixed of alcohol/aldehyde and ketone: a. 4-methyl cyclohexanone b. 3-methyl-2-pentenal c. 2,3-dimethylcyclohexanone d. 1,3propanediol or Propane 1,3 diol 13. Write systematic names for the following compounds identify functional group: a. b. (CH3)2CH-C OH c) CH(CH₂)-- OH -,-,arrow_forward
- may you please show all steps! i am having a hard time understanding and applying in this format, thank you!arrow_forward10. Complete the substitution reaction of 2 pentanol with these reagents. Reagents & Reaction Conditions use practice sheet. Please write only major products, minor product like water, other gases are not required. Hint: In substitution of alcohol, we generally substitute OH group with Halogens like cl, Br, F using some reagent containing halogens. Ensure to add halogens to the same carbon number where you are removing OH from Examples Alcohols can be converted to Alkyl Halides with HX acids HBr H₂O HCI + H₂O HI + H₂O CH,CH₂OH + SOCI₂ CH,CH₂OH + PCI₁₂ A BBYJU'S CH CHCI + SO₂+ HCI CH₂CH CIP(OH), + HCI CH,CH₂OH + PCI CHCHCI + POCI + HCI CH,CH₂OH + PBr, CH,CH,Br + P(OH), + HBr 1. Reaction with HBr with 2 Pentanol 2.Reaction with HI with 2 pentanol © Byjus.com 3.Reaction with HCI+ZnCl,, with 2 pentanol (Zncl2 is catalyst no role) 4.Reaction with SOCI,, with 2 Pentanol 5.Reaction with PBr; or PCl, with 2 pentanolarrow_forward3. Is 2-methyl-2-propanol a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol? Write out the structures of 2-methyl-2-propanol and also any oxidation products of 2- methyl-2- propanol. If there is more than one oxidation product, give the structure of each of the products. 4. 2-Propanol is the IUPAC systematic name of this alcohol. It has a common name by which it is much better known (You'll see it in the grocery store or pharmacy). Give that common name 5. Aldehydes can be synthesized by the oxidation of. Please choose from below choices A. Primary alcohols B. Secondary alcohols C. Organic acids D. Inorganic acids 6. Tertiary alcohol Can undergo oxidation. yes or no. ? If yes then answer the product.arrow_forward
- Finish the reactions hand written pleasearrow_forwardPart A Identify each alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. CH₂ H₂C- -C-OH HO CH₂ Primary Он OH CH₂ OH CCH₂OH CH₂ сн Secondary Tertiary Reset Help CH,CH₂ (CH)CHCH,OH CH,CH,CH,CCH, CHOH CH₂ Different types of alcohol groups Alcohol and its reaction: 8. Combing two alcohol molecules below and completing the reaction with Product .( Hint Reaction called etherification as ether is formed and name the ether once you complete the reaction. Hint.: R-O-H+H-O-RR-O-R Do the reaction: CH₂OH + CH₂OH---→ + H-O-H 9. Write the reaction of formation of alcohol from alkene by adding water: Addition reaction also called hydration reaction as we are adding water which occur always in presence of acid Hint: Break the double bond and add H and OH if symmetrical then add anywhere if unsymmetrical then follow Markovnikov rule H should go to that double bone carbon which has more hydrogen CH2=CH2 + H₂O-→arrow_forwardComplete the reaction hand written pleasearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Chemistry
ISBN:9781559539418
Author:Angelica Stacy
Publisher:MAC HIGHER