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Use the data in Figure 3.11 and Table 3.2 to calculate the energy changes
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Principles of Modern Chemistry
- Item 5 Answer the following questions related to the chemical bonding in substances containing Cl. (a) What type of chemical bond is present in the Cl2 molecule? (b) Cl2 reacts with the element Sr to form an ionic compound. Based on periodic properties, identify a molecule, X2, that is likely to react with Sr in a way similar to how Cl2 reacts with Sr. Justify your choice. (c) A graph of potential energy versus internuclear distance for two Cl atoms is given below. On the same graph, carefully sketch a curve that corresponds to potential energy versus internuclear distance for two Br atoms. (d) In the box below, draw a complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for the C2Cl4 molecule. (e) Answer the following based on the diagram you drew above. (i) What is the hybridization of the CC atoms in C2Cl4? (ii) What is the approximate chlorine-carbon-chlorine bond angle in C2Cl4? (iii) Is the C2Cl4 molecule…arrow_forwardUsing Lewis electron-dot symbols to depict the monatomic ions formed from each of the following reactants, predict the formula of the compound the ions produce.(Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2.) (a) O and Ca (b) N and Mg (c) Br and Li (d) K and Parrow_forwardConsider the A2X4 molecule depicted here, where A and X are elements. The A – A bond length in this molecule is d1, and the four A – X bond lengths are each d2 (a) In terms od d1 and d2, how could you define the bonding atomic radii of atoms A and X? (b) In terms of d1 and d2, what would you predict for the X-X bond length of an X2 molecule?arrow_forward
- Which of these elements is most likely to form ions with a2+charge?(a) Li (b) Ca (c) O (d) P (e) Clarrow_forwardH2 (g) + Na (s) → F2 (g) + He (g) →arrow_forward(b) A new element, "X", is discovered and found to have 2 electrons in its outer level. Is X a metal or non-metal? Predict the formula its ion would have in any ionic compounds it forms.arrow_forward
- Calculate the lattice energy of NaBr(s), given the following thermochemical equations, where A/E and AEA are ionization energy and electron affinity, respectively. Na(s)Na(g) AH = +107 kJ Na(g) Nat(g) + e A/E = +496 kJ -> 1/2 Br₂(g) → Br(g) AHf = +112 kJ - Br(g) + e¯ → Br¯(g) AEA = -325 kJ Na(s) + 1/2 Br₂(g) → NaBr(s) AH = -361 kJ ->> - -1401 kJ -751 kJ +29 kJ -29 kJ +751 kJarrow_forwardPredict the chemical formulas of the compounds formed bythe following pairs of ions: (a) Fe3+ and O2- , (b) NH4+ and PO43-(c) Ag and N , (d) Ca and Br, (e) Sr and Clarrow_forwardMn 2 + is an essential nutrient needed for blood clotting and the formation of the protein collagen. (a) How many protons and electrons are found in a neutral manganese atom? (b) How many electrons and protons are found in the cation Mn 2 +? (c) Write the electronic confi guration of the element manganese and suggest which electrons are lost to form the Mn 2 + cation.arrow_forward
- Consider the following data for nickel: atomic mass electronegativity electron affinity ionization energy heat of fusion 58.693 1.91 112. 737.1 g mol 17.2 kJ mol kJ mol kJ mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (1) Ni (g) → Ni(g) + e Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (2) Ni' (g) + e Ni (g) - Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2): Orelease O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes O no kJ/mol O release O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes O no kJ/molarrow_forwardBy gaining 2 electrons, a sulfur atom attains an electron arrangement like that of the noble gas argon. (a) Explain why the sulfur atom does not become an argon atom. (b) State what the sulfur atom does become when it gains 2 electrons.arrow_forwardArrange in order of increasing nonmetallic character. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 4 elements V, Ge, and K (b) the Group 5A elements N, As, and Bi Arrange in order of increasing atomic size. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 3 elements Mg, Si, and Ar (b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Ba, and Srarrow_forward
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