Interpretation:
The main classes and subclasses of enzyme of that catalyze the first two steps in the conversion of tyrosine to epinephrine has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.
Enzyme: Enzyme is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction. It does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction. Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Classification of enzymes:
- Oxidoreductases: Used to catalyze
oxidation-reduction reactions . - Transferases: Used to catalyze transfer of a
functional group from one molecule to another. - Hydrolases: Used to break a large molecule into smaller ones using water.
- Isomerases: Used to catalyze isomerization reactions.
- Lyases: Used to catalyze addition or removal of a small molecule.
- Ligases: Used to catalyze the bonding of two substrate molecules.
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FUND.OF GEN CHEM CHAP 1-13 W/ACCESS
- The urea cycle rids of the body of excess nitrogen by converting it to a form that can be excreted in the urine. Label the steps of the urea cycle shown in the diagram and move the molecules in their positions.arrow_forwardLabel each of the intermediates in the urea cycle. H₂N NH₂ NH +H,N A -OOC HN- H H₂N- H₂N= COO NH NH₂ NH H H COO- +H,N COO +H,N COO- +H,N COO- B C D Answer Bank argininosuccinate arginine ornithine citrullinearrow_forwardDeficiencies of carnitine, carnitine acyltransferases, or carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase affect the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. Many of the symptoms are similar, and include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, low ketone levels and low blood sugar with fasting, and damage to the liver, heart, or muscles due to fatty acid buildup in those tissues. Symptom severity varies with the form of the deficiency. The following abbreviations are used: carnitine acyltransferase (carnitine palmitoyltransferase), CPT and carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, CACT. Identify each symptom or effect as a deficiency of CPT I, CPT II, or CACT. CPT I deficiency CPT II deficiency CACT deficiency Answer Bank acyl carnitine not transported into mitochondrial matrix acyl carnitine not converted to carnitine in matrix long-chain fatty acids not transferred to carnitinearrow_forward
- Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by abnormal regulation of blood glucose levels. If left untreated, diabetes leads to chronic hyperglycemia and numerous pathological complications. Classify each characteristic according to whether it best describes type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes Answer Bank Type 2 diabetes linked with obesity and insufficient exercise characterized by insulin deficiency typically develops in adulthood characterized by insulin unresponsiveness typically develops during childhood an autoimmune diseasearrow_forwardDraw the structure of the dipeptide Gly-lle at physiological pHarrow_forwardIdentify 6 the figure belowarrow_forward
- 3) b) c) NH2 HO. and ΝΗ NH2 HO.arrow_forwardOne of the codons for Alanine is 5’GCA3’. Which of the following tRNA sequences base pairs with this codon? 5’GCA3’ 5’ACG3’ 5’UGC3’ 5’CGU3’ Select Any that Apply Which of the following protein factors hydrolyses GTP? IF-1 IF-2 IF-3 EF-Tu EF-G EF-Ts RF1 RF2 Question 4 Question 4 1 Point What is a mRNA that codes for a single protein called? Blank 1arrow_forward5.) Draw Gly-Phe-Lys-Lys as it would appear at pH 1 Explain your answer thoroughly.arrow_forward
- 3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forward3. Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below H H H H OH 0 H 0 CH₂OH H CH₂OH OH H 0 H CH₂OH о H H H OH OH H OH H OH OH OH H OH OH H OH OH OH CH₂OH 1 H H H Harrow_forwardApply your knowledge Why are monosaccharides highly soluble in water? Why do monosaccharides have high boiling and melting points? Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below 9 Reducing & non - reducing sugars ( Learning goal 5) A classification that helps differentiate monosaccharides Reducing sugars Also known as aldoses. E. g. glucose Changes Benedicts solution from ) blue to redarrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning