When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained. Concept introduction: Fatty acids are aliphatic mono- carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R − ( C H 2 ) n − C O O H , n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number. β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β - carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids. Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria. Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies. Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP. Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.15UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP.

Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

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Draw the predominant form of glutamic acid at pH = 8.4. The pKa of the side chain is 4.1. Include proper stereochemistry. HO H2N OH pH = 8.4

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.15UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP.

Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.15UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP.

Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.15UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP.

Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.15UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP.

Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.15UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP.

Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.15UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When oxaloacetate in liver tissue is being used for gluconeogenesis, the impact does this have on the citric acid cycle should be identified and explained.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids that are mostly obtained from the hydrolysis of natural fats and oils. They have a general formula R−(CH2)n−COOH, n is mostly an even number of carbon atoms (4 to 20) with a few exceptions that have an odd number.

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Ketogenesis is a process by which acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

Citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation- reduction reactions in mitochondria that results in the oxidation of an acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduce the coenzymes that rea reoxidized through electron transport chain, linked to the formation of ATP.

Electron transport chain is the final common pathway in aerobic cells by which electrons and hydrogen (NADH and FADH2) derived from foodstuffs are transferred to oxygen to form water and finally produce ATP (energy).

Answer 8

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.1KCP Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.2P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.3P Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 24.4KCP Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 24.5P Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 24.6P Ch. 24.5 - How much energy is released as ATP from the...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.1CIAP Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.2CIAP Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.3CIAP

Solution Summary: The author explains the impact of oxaloacetate in liver tissue on the citric acid cycle.

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Chapter 24 Solutions