The transformation which is necessary to convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into pyruvate should be determined. Concept introduction: β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β - carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids. Glycolysi s: This is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration , in glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate. Glucose is a six-membered ring molecule found in the blood and is usually a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. It enters cells though specific transporter proteins that moves it from outside the cell into the cell cytosol.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The transformation which is necessary to convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into pyruvate should be determined.

Concept introduction:

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Glycolysis: This is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, in glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate. Glucose is a six-membered ring molecule found in the blood and is usually a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. It enters cells though specific transporter proteins that moves it from outside the cell into the cell cytosol.

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Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) catalyzes the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) and 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) in the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. a) To what enzyme class does PGM belong? b) There are two distinct classes of PGM, one which is dependent on 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), dPGM, and one which is not, iPGM. dPGM uses acid base chemistry and a phosphorylated histidine residue to interconvert 3PG and 2PG. The dPGM reaction proceeds with formation of 2,3-BPG as an intermediate. Propose a mechanism for the dPGM-catalyzed conversion of 3PG to 2PG that is consistent with this information. c) What is the purpose of 2,3-BPG (i.e., why does dPGM require it)?

Why is pyruvate carboxylase constitutive and active in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Trace the pathway of [1-14C]pyruvate through gluconeogenesis. Use an asterisk to indicate the location of 14C in all intermediates and in the final gluconeogenesis product, glucose. CH₂ -C=0 Coo [1-1C]Pyruvate CH,OPO H-C-OH C-OPO || 1,3-Bisphospho- glycerate ↑ -coo -CH₂ KC=0 -Coo Oxaloacetate CH,OPO H-C-OH COO 3-Phosphoglycerate CH₂ -OPO OP COO Phosphoenolpyruvate CH,OH H-C-OPO COO 2-Phosphoglycerate

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The transformation which is necessary to convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into pyruvate should be determined.

Concept introduction:

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Glycolysis: This is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, in glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate. Glucose is a six-membered ring molecule found in the blood and is usually a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. It enters cells though specific transporter proteins that moves it from outside the cell into the cell cytosol.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.29AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The transformation which is necessary to convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into pyruvate should be determined.

Concept introduction:

β-oxidation is the oxidation and splitting of two carbon units at β- carbon atom. This results in sequential removal of 2 carbon fragments as acetyl CoA until the complete oxidation of fatty acids.

Glycolysis: This is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, in glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate. Glucose is a six-membered ring molecule found in the blood and is usually a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. It enters cells though specific transporter proteins that moves it from outside the cell into the cell cytosol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 24, Problem 24.29AP

Interpretation Introduction