Chapter 23, Problem 46A

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the general formula for the given type of compounds.

Concept Introduction: The general formula represents the composition of any member of the entire class of compounds. For organic compounds, the R is linked to the functional group. The R group represents the alkyl chain that is linked with the functional group.

Answer to Problem 46A

  $\text{R-X}$ is the general formula of halocarbon.

Explanation of Solution

The R in the general formula represents the alkyl group and the X in the general formula represents the halogens. Halogens include the element that belongs to Group 17. The Alkyl group contains the longest carbon chain that is attached to the halogen.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the general formula for the given type of compounds.

Concept Introduction: The general formula represents the composition of any member of the entire class of compounds. For organic compounds, the R is linked to the functional group. The R group represents the alkyl chain that is linked with the functional group.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{RCOR}}^{\text{'}}$ is the general formula for ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The R and the ${\text{R}}^{\text{'}}$ group represent the alkyl group in the general formula. The carbonyl group represents that the compound belongs to the carbonyl compound. The carbonyl group is in between the carbon chain so it is a ketone.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the general formula for the given type of compounds.

Concept Introduction: The general formula represents the composition of any member of the entire class of compounds. For organic compounds, the R is linked to the functional group. The R group represents the alkyl chain that is linked with the functional group.

Answer to Problem 46A

  $\text{RCHO}$ is the general formula for aldehyde.

Explanation of Solution

The R represents the alkyl group in the general formula. The carbonyl group represents that the compound belongs to the carbonyl compound. The carbonyl group is present at the end of the carbon chain so it is an aldehyde.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the general formula for the given type of compounds.

Concept Introduction: The general formula represents the composition of any member of the entire class of compounds. For organic compounds, the R is linked to the functional group. The R group represents the alkyl chain that is linked with the functional group.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{RCOOR}}^{\text{'}}$ is the general formula of an ester.

Explanation of Solution

The R and the ${\text{R}}^{\text{'}}$ group represent the alkyl group in the general formula. In this, the carbonyl group is linked to the alkyl group through oxygen. The alkyl group with a shorter chain is the substituent and the alkyl group with a greater number of carbons is considered the parent hydrocarbon.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the general formula for the given type of compounds.

Concept Introduction: The general formula represents the composition of any member of the entire class of compounds. For organic compounds, the R is linked to the functional group. The R group represents the alkyl chain that is linked with the functional group.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{RCONR}}^{\text{'}}{\text{R}}^{\text{"}}$ is the general formula of an amide.

Explanation of Solution

The R, ${\text{R}}^{\text{'}}$ and the ${\text{R}}^{\text{"}}$ group represent the alkyl group or the hydrogens in the general formula. In this, the carbonyl group is linked to the nitrogen. $\text{CO-NH}$ if the typical formula for amide. These are also called as the derivatives of carboxylic acids.

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the general formula for the given type of compounds.

Concept Introduction: The general formula represents the composition of any member of the entire class of compounds. For organic compounds, the R is linked to the functional group. The R group represents the alkyl chain that is linked with the functional group.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{ROR}}^{\text{'}}$ is the general formula of an ether.

Explanation of Solution

The R and the ${\text{R}}^{\text{'}}$ group represent the alkyl group in the general formula. The oxygen is connected to two groups of carbons. The largest carbon chain is considered as the parent hydrocarbon chain and the other as a substituent. It is generally named in the form of alkoxy alkane.