Chapter 23, Problem 36A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the products that are obtained by the following reactions.

Concept Introduction: Generally, under normal conditions, bromobenzene will not react with aqueous NaOH because haloarenes are less liable to nucleophilic substitution than haloalkanes.

Answer to Problem 36A

  

Explanation of Solution

Bromo benzene and sodium hydroxide will not undergo ordinary conditions that are at normal temperature and pressure. This reaction will occur only at high temperatures and pressure that result in the formation of phenol and $\text{NaBr}$ .

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the products that are obtained by the following reactions.

Concept Introduction: The given reaction is a substitution reaction. In substitution reactions, one atom or functional group is replaced with another atom or functional group. In this reaction, the halogen is replaced by the Hydroxyl group.

Answer to Problem 36A

  

Explanation of Solution

In this reaction, the Chloro-cyclohexane which reacts with sodium hydroxide will form cyclohexanol. The chlorine which is a halogen in this case will be replaced by the hydroxyl group from the sodium hydroxide. This substitution of the group will result in the formation of cyclohexanol and sodium chloride salt.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the products that are obtained by the following reactions.

Concept introduction: The given reaction is a substitution reaction. In substitution reactions, one atom or functional group is replaced with another atom or functional group. In this reaction, the halogen is replaced by the Hydroxyl group.

Answer to Problem 36A

  

Explanation of Solution

In the above reaction, the chlorine present in the 2-chloropropane is replaced by the hydroxyl group from the sodium hydroxide. This reaction will result in the formation of an alcohol called propane-2-ol along with the sodium chloride salt.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the products that are obtained by the following reactions.

Concept introduction: The given reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this type of reaction, the hydrogen present in the aromatic ring that is benzene will be replaced with the electrophile resulting in the formation of a product.

Answer to Problem 36A

  

Explanation of Solution

In the above reaction, bromine is the electrophile. This electrophile will replace the hydrogen of the benzene ring and result in the formation of bromobenzene without any change in the aromaticity of the benzene ring. This reaction is generally used to preserve the aromaticity of the benzene ring.