Chapter 23, Problem 45R

To determine

To classify: The given compounds as saturated, unsaturated, or substituted hydrocarbons.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Hydrocarbons are made by a combination of hydrogen and carbon.

The following hydrocarbons are classified as:

1. Hexane $\left({\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{14}\right)$- Saturated hydrocarbon because it contains only single bonds.
2. Isopropyl alcohol $\left({\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_7\text{OH}\right)$- Substituted hydrocarbon because it has a −OH group.
3. 2-chlorobutane $\left({\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_9\text{Cl}\right)$- Substituted hydrocarbon because it has a −Cl group.
4. Pentene $\left({\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{10}\right)$- Unsaturated hydrocarbon. The suffix −ene represents the presence of a double bond.
5. Butyric acid $\left({\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_7\text{COOH}\right)$- Substituted hydrocarbon because it has a −COOH group.

Conclusion:

Saturated hydrocarbons contain maximum amount of hydrogen while unsaturated hydrocarbons do not because of their multiple bonds. When hydrogen atoms are replaced by a functional group, the hydrocarbon is called substituted hydrocarbon.