Chapter 23.2, Problem 11R

To determine

To identify: The uses of the given substituted hydrocarbons.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Substituted hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with functional groups or other elements.

Chemists prepare substituted hydrocarbons to obtain compounds of desired properties.

Alcohols are hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons.

Its uses are:

Alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, area used as a solvent for fats, paints varnishes and other organic compounds. Ethanol is used in the preparation of esters used as perfumes. Methanol is used as an antifreeze for automobile radiators. Beverage like whiskey, rum, wine, brandy contain ethanol. Glycerol is used in the manufacture of good quality toilet soaps and cosmetics.

Esters are derived from carboxylic acids by substitution reaction with alcohols. Its uses are:

Esters having fragrant smell are used as perfumes, cosmetics. They are used as solvent for organic compounds. They are used to make fragrant soaps and detergents. Esters of sulfuric acid are used in the manufacture of medicine and dyes. Phosphate esters are used as gasoline and insecticides.

Halocarbons are derivatives of hydrocarbons, formed by substituting halogen atom or atoms. Its uses are:

Chloroform or trichloromethane is used as a laboratory reagent and in medicine. Iodoform is used as an antiseptic for dressing wounds. Chlorobenzene is used as a dye intermediate. Methyl chloride is used as a refrigerant. Vinyl chloride is used as a starting material for the manufacture of polymer PVC.

Conclusion: Chemists prepare substituted hydrocarbons to obtain compounds of desired properties, required in daily life.