From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product are to be identified. Concept introduction: Esters are hydrolysed to carboxylic acids and alcohols both in the presence of acid and base catalysts. The base catalysed hydrolysis takes place in three steps i) The nucleophilic attack of the base on the ester carbonyl group ii) Elimination of the leaving group iii) Exchange of protons. To identify: From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product.

Question

Alcohols are acidic in nature. Therefore, a strong base can abstract the acidic hydrogen atom of the alcohol in a process known as deprotonation. The alcohol forms an alkoxide ion by losing the proton attached to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl ( -OH) group. The alkoxide formed can act as a base or a nucleophile depending on the substrate and reaction conditions. However, not all bases can abstract the acidic proton of alcohols and not all alcohols easily lose the proton. Deprotonation depends on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Strong bases, such as NaNH2, can easily abstract a proton from almost all alcohols. Likewise, more acidic alcohols lose a proton more easily. Determine which of the following reactions would undergo deprotonation based on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Check all that apply. ► View Available Hint(s) CH3CH,OH + NH3 →CH,CH,O-NH CH3 CH3 H3C-C-H+NH3 → H3 C-C-H OH O-NH CH3CH2OH + NaNH, → CH3CH,O-Na* + NH3 CHC12 Cl₂…

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Esters are hydrolysed to carboxylic acids and alcohols both in the presence of acid and base catalysts. The base catalysed hydrolysis takes place in three steps i) The nucleophilic attack of the base on the ester carbonyl group ii) Elimination of the leaving group iii) Exchange of protons.

To identify:

From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product.

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Alcohols are acidic in nature. Therefore, a strong base can abstract the acidic hydrogen atom of the alcohol in a process known as deprotonation. The alcohol forms an alkoxide ion by losing the proton attached to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl ( -OH) group. The alkoxide formed can act as a base or a nucleophile depending on the substrate and reaction conditions. However, not all bases can abstract the acidic proton of alcohols and not all alcohols easily lose the proton. Deprotonation depends on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Strong bases, such as NaNH2, can easily abstract a proton from almost all alcohols. Likewise, more acidic alcohols lose a proton more easily. Determine which of the following reactions would undergo deprotonation based on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Check all that apply. ► View Available Hint(s) CH3CH,OH + NH3 →CH,CH,O-NH CH3 CH3 H3C-C-H+NH3 → H3 C-C-H OH O-NH CH3CH2OH + NaNH, → CH3CH,O-Na* + NH3 CHC12 Cl₂…

Define the following terms Homolytic bond breakage: Nucleophile

An electron-deficient carbon atom reacts with a nucleophile, symbolized as: Nu−. Define this ?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Esters are hydrolysed to carboxylic acids and alcohols both in the presence of acid and base catalysts. The base catalysed hydrolysis takes place in three steps i) The nucleophilic attack of the base on the ester carbonyl group ii) Elimination of the leaving group iii) Exchange of protons.

To identify:

From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Esters are hydrolysed to carboxylic acids and alcohols both in the presence of acid and base catalysts. The base catalysed hydrolysis takes place in three steps i) The nucleophilic attack of the base on the ester carbonyl group ii) Elimination of the leaving group iii) Exchange of protons.

To identify:

From the structure of the alkoxide ion represented by the model, formed by the addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative, the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting acid derivative and the ultimate product.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.2, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction