Chapter 21, Problem 65E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthesis of 1,2-dibromopropene from propene needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction : Dihalogenated alkane can be prepared by reaction of alkene with halogen molecule. Addition of ${\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ produces vicinal dihalides. The remaining halogens are not used in this reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthesis of acetone (2-propanone) from an alcohol needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: The oxidation reaction of alcohols to aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones is done by using appropriate oxidizing reagents. Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes, which can further be oxidized to carboxylic bacids. Secondary alcohols undergo oxidation reaction to form ketone. The oxidation reaction of tertiary alcohols is not possible.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthesize of tert -butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) from an alkene needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction : When alkene reacts with water is presence of acid, a hydrocarbon with an alcohol group can be obtained. Alkeneundergoes additionreactionwith ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ in presence of catalyst like sulphuric acid to form alcohol. This reactionis called hydration reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthesis of propanoic acid from an alcohol needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: The oxidation reaction of alcohols to aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones is done by using appropriate oxidizing reagents. Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes, which can further be oxidized to carboxylic bacids. Secondary alcohols undergo oxidation reaction to form ketone. The oxidation reaction of tertiary alcohols is not possible.