
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: An example of a reaction that produces primary alcohol needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : Primary alcohol is the alcohol which is bonded to a primary carbon, that is, the carbon which is bonded to only one carbon atom. Structure of primary alcohol is,
(b)
Interpretation: An example of a reaction that produces secondary alcohol needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : Secondary alcohol is the alcohol which is bonded to a secondary carbon, that is, the carbon which is bonded to two other carbon atoms. Structure of secondary alcohol is,
(c)
Interpretation: An example of a reaction that produces tertiary alcohol needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : Tertiary alcohol is the alcohol which is bonded to a tertiary carbon, that is, a carbon which is bonded to three other carbon atoms. Structure of tertiary alcohol is,
(d)
Interpretation: An example of a reaction that produces
Concept Introduction: Aldehyde is a
Where, R is any alkyl group.
(e)
Interpretation: An example of a reaction that produces
Concept Introduction: Ketone is a functional group in which two alkyl groups are attached to the carbonyl carbon. So, the structure of ketone is,
R1 and R2 are two alkyl groups which may be same or not.
(f)
Interpretation: An example of a reaction that produces
Concept Introduction: Carboxylic acid is a functional group in which one alkyl group and one alchol group is bonded to the carbonyl carbon. The structure of the carboxylic group is,
Where, R is alkyl group.
(g)
Interpretation: An example of a reaction that produces ester needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: Ester is a derivative of carboxylic acid and it’s structure is,
Where R is any alkyl group
The reaction of carboxylic acid with an alcohol in presence of acid catalyst produces an ester along with water. This type of reaction is termed as Fischer esterification reaction.

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Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
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