Chapter 20.SE, Problem 33AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) The eight carboxylic acids with the formula C₆H₁₂O₂

Interpretation:

The structure and names of eight carboxylic acids with the formula C₆H₁₂O₂ are to be given.

Concept introduction:

Different isomers can be arrived by arranging the carbons present in the molecule as a straight chain or as a branched chain with one or two branches and placing the functional group on different carbons in the chain.

The names of simple carboxylic acids which are derivatives of open-chain alkanes are arrived by replacing the terminal –e of the corresponding alkane name by -oic acid. The numbering starts from carboxyl carbon. Compounds with –COOH bonded to a ring are named using the suffix-carboxylic acid. The –COOH carbon in this case is not numbered as C₁, instead the carbon to which it is attached is numbered as C₁. As a substituent, the –COOH group is called as carboxyl group.

To give:

The structure and names of eight carboxylic acids with the formula C₆H₁₂O₂.

Interpretation Introduction

b) Three nitriles with the formula C₅H₇N

Interpretation:

The structure and names of three nitriles with the formula C₅H₇N are to be given.

Concept introduction:

Different isomers can be arrived by arranging the carbons present in the molecule as a straight chain or as a branched chain with one or two branches and placing the functional group on different carbons in the chain.

Simple open chain nitriles are are named by adding –nitrile as suffix to the alkane name, with the nitrile carbon numbered as C₁. Nitriles can also be names as derivatives of carboxylic acids by replacing the –ic acid or –oic acid ending with –onitrile. The nitrile carbon is not numbered but the carbon to which it is attached is numbered ac C₁. If another carboxylic acid derivative is present in the same molecule, the prefix –cyano is used for the –CN group.

To give:

The structure and names of three nitriles with the formula C₅H₇N.