Chapter 20.SE, Problem 36AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Acetic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid

Interpretation:

Acetic acid, oxalic acid and formic acid are to be arranged in the increasing order of their acidity.

Concept introduction:

Any electron withdrawing group present in the acid increases the acidity of the acid while any electron releasing group present in the acid decreases the acidity. Inductive effect decreases with increasing distance of the substituent from the functional group.

To arrange:

Acetic acid, oxalic acid and formic acid in the increasing order of their acidity.

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-Bromobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid

Interpretation:

p-Bromobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid and 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid are to be arranged in the increasing order of their acidity.

Concept introduction:

Any electron withdrawing group present in the acid increases the acidity of the acid while any electron releasing group present in the acid decreases the acidity. Inductive effect decreases with increasing distance of the substituent from the functional group.

To arrange:

p-Bromobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid and 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid are to be arranged in the increasing order of their acidity.

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluoroacetic acid, 3-fluoropropanoic acid, iodoacetic acid

Interpretation:

Fluoroacetic acid, 3-fluoropropanoic acid and iodoacetic acid are to be arranged in the increasing order of their acidity.

Concept introduction:

Any electron withdrawing group present in the acid increases the acidity of the acid while any electron releasing group present in the acid decreases the acidity. Inductive effect decreases with increasing distance of the substituent from the functional group.

To arrange:

Fluoroacetic acid, 3-fluoropropanoic acid and iodoacetic acid in the increasing order of their acidity.