The mechanism for the formation of mesitylene by heating acetone with sulfuric acid is to be proposed. Concept introduction: 舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair. 舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair. 舧 Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive. 舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction. 舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction. 舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules. 舧 A carbon-carbon bond formation occurs by aldol addition and aldol condensation reaction. 舧 An aldol reaction takes place by acid catalysis, and direct dehydration of β − hydroxy aldol intermediate forms α , β − unsaturated product. 舧 A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by an acid is called acid-catalyzed reaction. 舧 A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by n base is called base-catalyzed reaction. 舧 Aldol reaction is preferred in basic condition over acidic condition, as after the aldol condensation, acid catalysis promotes the reaction further.

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Chapter 19, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of mesitylene by heating acetone with sulfuric acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

舧 Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.

舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

舧 A carbon-carbon bond formation occurs by aldol addition and aldol condensation reaction.

舧 An aldol reaction takes place by acid catalysis, and direct dehydration of β− hydroxy aldol intermediate forms α,β− unsaturated product.

舧 A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by an acid is called acid-catalyzed reaction.

舧 A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by n base is called base-catalyzed reaction.

舧 Aldol reaction is preferred in basic condition over acidic condition, as after the aldol condensation, acid catalysis promotes the reaction further.

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