Chapter 19, Problem 13PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the explanation of the formation of $\alpha -$ and $\beta -$ ionone in the given reaction is to be written. The formation of $\beta -$ ionone as a major product is to be explained and the ionone that absorbs at higher wavelength in UV-visible region is to be predicted and explained.

Concept introduction:

舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

舧 Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.

舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

舧 In UV-visible spectrum, as the conjugation increases, the absorbance moves to the longer wavelength.

舧 In acid catalysis, the reaction is catalyzed by the acid, which is a proton donor.

舧 A chemical reaction that is catalysed by an acid is called acid catalysed reaction.

舧 A chemical reaction that is catalysed by an base is called base catalysed reaction.