
Interpretation:
For each of the following reaction the route that could reasonably be expected from the starting material to the product is to be provided.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
The condensation reactions in carbonyl, the enolate or enol of a carbonyl group of one compound reacts with the carbonyl group of another compound. The two main types of condensation are Claisen and aldol condensation.
Claisen condensation entails the formation of keto esters through carbon–carbon bond formation.
The Claisen condensation is the carbon–carbon bond formation reaction and is important for the preparation of
In Claisen condensation, the ester of one molecule is added to the carbonyl carbon of another molecule and the formation of
When one ester molecule has no alpha hydrogen, crossed Claisen condensation occurs.
Aldol condensation involves the reaction of enolate of an hydroxyl ketone or aldehyde.
An aldol reaction takes place by acid catalysis, and direct dehydration of
A
A chemical reaction that is catalyzed by an base is called base catalyzed reaction.
Aldol reaction is preferred in basic condition over acidic condition as after the aldol condensation, acid catalysis promotes the reaction further.
A carbon–carbon bond formation occurs through aldol condensation reaction.
An aldol reaction takes place in a protic solvent with a base.
Dehydration of aldol addition product leads to the formation of conjugated

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Chapter 19 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- 3. Name this ether correctly. H₁C H3C CH3 CH3 4. Show the best way to make the ether in #3 by a Williamson Ether Synthesis. Start from an alcohol or phenol. 5. Draw the structure of an example of a sulfide.arrow_forward1. Which one(s) of these can be oxidized with CrO3 ? (could be more than one) a) triphenylmethanol b) 2-pentanol c) Ethyl alcohol d) CH3 2. Write in all the product(s) of this reaction. Label them as "major" or "minor". 2-methyl-2-hexanol H2SO4, heatarrow_forward3) Determine if the pairs are constitutional isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, or mesocompounds. (4 points)arrow_forward
- In the decomposition reaction in solution B → C, only species C absorbs UV radiation, but neither B nor the solvent absorbs. If we call At the absorbance measured at any time, A0 the absorbance at the beginning of the reaction, and A∞ the absorbance at the end of the reaction, which of the expressions is valid? We assume that Beer's law is fulfilled.arrow_forward> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardDon't use ai to answer I will report you answerarrow_forward
- Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence pointarrow_forwardWhat is the name of the following compound? SiMe3arrow_forwardK Draw the starting structure that would lead to the major product shown under the provided conditions. Drawing 1. NaNH2 2. PhCH2Br 4 57°F Sunny Q Searcharrow_forward
