Chapter 19, Problem 19.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The names of all the functional groups present in phenobarbital are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or a group of atoms that shows characteristic physical and chemical properties are collectively known as functional groups. The functional group is the most reactive part present in the molecule. The main functional groups are $\text{OH}$ (alcoholic group), ${\text{-NH}}_{\text{2}}$ (amine group), $\text{COOH(carboxylic}\text{group)}$, $\text{CHO}\left(\text{aldehydic}\text{group}\right)$ and $\text{C=O}\left(\text{ketonic}\text{group}\right)$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for the products that are obtained by the complete hydrolysis of all the amide groups of phenobarbital in aqueous $\text{NaOH}$ are to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

An atom or a group of atoms that shows characteristic physical and chemical properties are collectively known as functional groups. The functional group is the most reactive part present in the molecule. The main functional groups are $\text{OH}$ (alcoholic group), ${\text{-NH}}_{\text{2}}$ (amine group), $\text{COOH(carboxylic}\text{group)}$, $\text{CHO}\left(\text{aldehydic}\text{group}\right)$ and $\text{C=O}\left(\text{ketonic}\text{group}\right)$

The addition of water molecule to the amide group is known as hydrolysis of amide group. This hydrolysis of amide group in the presence of an aqueous base results in the formation of carboxylic acid salt and amine or ammonia.