Concept explainers
(a)
To describe:
The reaction that requires energy in citrate export.
Introduction:
The citrate export is the process of exporting the citrate molecules from the lumen of the mitochondria to the cytosol.
(b)
To describe:
The reaction that requires energy in citrate export.
Introduction:
The citrate export is the process of exporting the citrate molecules from the lumen of the mitochondria to the cytosol.
(b)
To describe:
The source of the required energy in citrate export.
Introduction:
The citrate export is the process of exporting the citrate molecules from the lumen of the mitochondria to the cytosol.
(c)
To describe:
The reaction that requires enzyme in citrate export.
Introduction:
The citrate export is the process of exporting the citrate molecules from the lumen of the mitochondria to the cytosol.
(d)
To describe:
The coenzymes required in citrate export.
Introduction:
The citrate export is the process of exporting the citrate molecules from the lumen of the mitochondria to the cytosol.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Energy production pathway in targeted by drugs in the malignant (cancerous) cells to control an X cancer type. Use your speculation and tell targeting and destroying which one energy-producing agent of the oxidative phosphorylation will be most effective in blocking most of the energy and why?arrow_forwardComplete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.arrow_forwardEthanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?arrow_forward
- Effects of Changing Metabolite Concentrations on Glycolysis In an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis what would be the effect of a sudden increase in the concentration of a. AΤP? b. AMP? c. fructose-1.6-bisphosphate? d. fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate? e. citrate? f. glucose-6-phospthate?arrow_forwardUnderstanding Enzyme Mechanisms Related to Pyruvate Carboxylase Based on the mechanism for pyruvate carboxylase (Figure 22.3), write reasonable mechanisms for the reactions that follow:arrow_forwardBiosynthesis of fatty acid 20:D6 from acetyl-CoA occurs in the __________ of mammalian cells. Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum Both A and B Neither A nor B Assuming all three carbon atoms of glycerol are labeled as C14 radioisotopes and the radioisotope-labeled glycerol undergoes metabolism in animals. All of the following molecules in the animal maycontain C14 radioisotopes EXCEPT: Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Glutamine Fatty acids Oxaloacetate All of the above molecules may contain C14 radioisotopearrow_forward
- generation of one less FADH2 molecule. Part C B-oxidation dealls with only saturated fatty acids, but many fatty acids in natural lipids are unsaturated, meaning they contain one or more double bonds. Considering the fatty acid below, calculate the energy yield of its complete oxidation. OH Express your answer using three significant figures. ▸ View Available Hint(s) ΑΣΦ + 0 ? Submit ATParrow_forwardReducing power for the synthesis of fatty acids is produced in which reactions? conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3 diP glycerate oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway shuttle of oxaloacetate to the mitochondria both A and B both B and Carrow_forwardStep 3: the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate, is the first committed step of glycolysis. This step is catalyzed by phosphofructokinase, an enzyme that can be regulated allosterically by many molecules (two of which are ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate). Why is this regulation important?arrow_forward
- . Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in mammals), as shown. Explain the primary purpose of these reactions. Describe the major biochemical features of each reactionarrow_forwardKk155.arrow_forwardSuppose a yeast enzyme performs this reaction: Glyceraldehyde 3 - phophospate (GAP or G3P) → 3 – phopshoglycerate (3PG) In other words, this yeast performs a glycolysis shortcut. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain by including chemical reactionsarrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning