Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Dolly is a female transgenic sheep, which is a product of reproductive cloning. It is an example of successful genetic engineering on a farm animal for the production of milk and milk products. Somatic cell gene therapy is employed in cloning Dolly through nuclear transfer.
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The key to the successful cloning of Dolly in 1994 wasa. extracting the nuclei from early-stage embryos.b. transferring the nuclei into nucleated eggs.c. starving the donor and recipient cells.d. employing surrogate mothers related to the nuclei donors
5) Below is an image that shows both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Use this image to answer compare and contrast therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Are they used for similar means…etc. Once you have done that answer the question below.
a) There are two types of therapeutic cloning. What are they and how are they different?
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True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18.1 - What features do restriction enzymes have in...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.1 - What information and materials are needed to...Ch. 18.2 - What is a transgenic organism?Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 18 - Why are antibiotic resistance markers such as ampR...Ch. 18 - After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose...Ch. 18 - A cDNA and a cloned fragment of genomic DNA share...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following is not true of somatic cell...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Discuss Concepts A forensic scientist obtained a...Ch. 18 - 13. Suppose a biotechnology company has developed...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - You learned in the chapter that an STR locus is a...
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- For each of the following scenarios, indicate YES (it is cloning) or NO (it is not cloning). 6. ___________ Sperm taken from a male goat is combined with a female's egg in a petri dish. The resulting embryo is implanted into the female's uterus to develop 7. ___________ A sheep embryo, composed of 16 cells, is removed from the mother's uterus and separated into individual cells. Each cell is allowed to multiply, creating 16 separate embryos, which are then implanted in different female sheep to develop to maturity. 8. ___________ A cow with many desirable traits is stimulated with hormones to produce a number of egg cells. Each of these eggs is fertilized and implanted into a surrogate mother. 9. ___________ Cell nuclei from a recently deceased dog are placed into enucleated egg cells from another female dog. These egg cells are then placed into the uterus of an additional female surrogate dog, where it grows into a puppy.arrow_forwardWoolly mammoths have been extinct for about 10,000 years, but we often find their well- preserved remains in Siberian permafrost. Research groups are now planning to use SCNT to resurrect these huge elephant- like mammals. No mammoth eggs have been recovered so far, so elephant eggs would be used instead. An elephant would also be the surrogate mother for the resulting embryo. The researchers may try a modified SCNT technique used to clone a mouse that had been dead and frozen for sixteen years. Ice crystals that form during freezing break up cell membranes, so cells from the frozen mouse were in bad shape. Their DNA was transferred into donor mouse eggs, and cells from the resulting embryos were fused with mouse stem cells. Four healthy clones were born from the hybrid embryos. What are some of the pros and cons of cloning an extinct animal?arrow_forwardWoolly mammoths have been extinct for about 4,000 years, but we often find their well-preserved remains in Siberian permafrost. Research groups are now planning to use SCNT to resurrect these huge elephant-like mammals. No mammoth eggs have been recovered yet, so elephant eggs would be used instead. An elephant would also be the surrogate mother for the resulting embryo. The researchers may try a modified SCNT technique used to clone a mouse that had been dead and frozen for 16 years. Ice crystals that form during freezing break up cell membranes, so cells from the frozen mouse were in bad shape. Their DNA was transferred into donor mouse eggs, and cells from the resulting embryos were fused with undifferentiated mouse cells. Four healthy clones were born from the hybrid embryos. What are some of the pros and cons of cloning an extinct animal?arrow_forward
- Describe the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer and how it is used to create cloned cells. Explain what you consider to be the positive and negative aspects of cloning both scientifically and morally, giving at least three ‘for’ and three ‘against’ points – Discuss whether you think it is a good use of science and will benefit mankind or whether you believe it is unethical and should no longer be pursued?arrow_forwardA mouse gene was identified and determined to be required for formation of heart muscle. A gene with a similar sequence was identified in the human genome. What experiment could scientists do to determine if the mouse and human genes have similar functions? A. The scientist could place the normal human gene into normal mice and see if the resulting mice are viable. B. The scientist could search the human genome for genes that encode proteins that are identical to the protein encoded by the mouse gene. C. The scientist could place the normal human gene into mutant mice to see if heart muscle forms in the mouse. D. The scientist could place the mutant mouse gene into humans to see if humans develop without heart muscle.arrow_forwardFor each of the following scenarios, indicate Yes (it is cloning) or NO (it is NOT cloning) _____________________Sperm taken from a mole goat is combined with a female’s egg in a petri dish. The resulting embryo is implanted into the female’s uterus to develop. _____________________A sheep embryo, composed of 17 cells, is removed from the mother’s uterus and separated into individual cells. Each cell is allowed to multiply, creating 16 separate embryos, which are then implanted in different female sheep to develop to maturity. _____________________A cow with many desirable traits is stimulated with hormones to produce a number of egg cells. Each of these eggs is fertilized and implanted into a surrogate mother. _____________________In vitro fertilization _____________________Cell nuclei from an extinct wooly mammoth are placed into enucleated cow cells.arrow_forward
- In the protocol, why is the nucleus of the oocyte removed?arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not occur during telomerase extension of parental DNA? a. Translocation of the telomerase across the parental DNA. b. Extension of the DNA that is complementary to the telomerase RNA. c. Polymerisation of the new daughter DNA strand by telomerase. d. Binding of an RNA primer and synthesis of new DNA in a 5' to 3' direction. e. Binding of the telomerase to the telomere.arrow_forwardIn 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned by a technique called somatic-cell nuclear transfer (or nuclear-transfer cloning). A nucleus from an adult mammary cell was transferred into an egg from which the nucleus had been removed. The egg was allowed to divide several times in culture, then the embryo was transferred to a surrogate mother who gave birth to Dolly. Dolly died in 2003 after mating and giving birth herself to viable offspring. What does the creation of Dolly tell us about the potential of nuclear material derived from a fully differentiated adult cell? Does the creation of Dolly tell us anything about the potential of an intact, fully differentiated adult cell?arrow_forward
- Explain why can a clone can be produced from a single body cell adult?arrow_forwardWhich of the following would be considered a transgenic organism? A. a human whose human blood-clotting gene was silenced B. a fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell C. a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genesarrow_forwardSelect the statements below that are TRUE. Select 4 correct answer(s) Question 14 options: A) Mutations are induced to occur in response to a selective pressure. B) Crossover suppression occurs when no recombinant progeny are observed between two genes located within a homozygous paracentric inversion. C) The ends of each chromosome are replicated by an RNA-protein complex called telomerase. D) When a mismatched base pair occurs during DNA replication, mismatch repair corrects the mismatch by replacing the nucleotide on the template strand. E) Mutations occur spontaneously and so may be pre-existing in a population when a selective pressure arises. F) When two genes are linked, the frequency of recombinant types exceeds the frequency of parental types. G) The choice…arrow_forward
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