Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The evolution of heat stable DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) polymerase enzyme to form stronger or weaker chemical attractions with each other.
Introduction:
DNA polymerase enzymes are used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for replication and elongation of DNA sequences. They bind to the single DNA strand and synthesize two identical strands. It is widely used in PCR analysis for the amplification of particular DNA fragments. They are heat-stable and are synthesized from thermophilic bacteria.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Which of the following experimental results was NOT evidence that DNA is the genetic molecule rather than proteins?
a.
When a virus was radioactively labelled, and the virus was allowed to infect a bacteria cell, radioactive virus DNA was found inside the bacteria cell while radioactive virus proteins were found outside the cell.
b.
Dead pathogenic bacteria cells combined with living nonpathogenic bacteria cells caused the creation of living pathogenic cells and thus the death of the host animal.
c.
Proteins are a class of macromolecules with the diversity and specificity needed for hereditary material.
d.
Nucleotide bases occur regularly, such that the number of adenines = number of thymines, and the number of guanines = number of cytosines.
A researcher is performing PCR to amplify a sample of DNA. Unfortunately, he forgot to add the DNA primer prior to starting the experiment. Which of the following results is he most likely to observe?
a. The reaction will work, but at a significantly slower rate.
b. The reaction will work, but the product will contain many undesired mutations.
c. The reaction will work, but amplify a region that was not his target.
d. The reaction will be completely unsuccessfu
If Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty had found that samples of heat-killed bacteria treated with RNase and DNase transformed bacteria, but that samples treated with protease did not, what conclusion would they have drawn?
a. Protease carries out transformation.
b. RNA and DNA are the genetic materials.
c. Protein is the genetic material.
d. RNase and DNAse are necessary for transformation
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18.1 - What features do restriction enzymes have in...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.1 - What information and materials are needed to...Ch. 18.2 - What is a transgenic organism?Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 18 - Why are antibiotic resistance markers such as ampR...Ch. 18 - After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose...Ch. 18 - A cDNA and a cloned fragment of genomic DNA share...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following is not true of somatic cell...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Discuss Concepts A forensic scientist obtained a...Ch. 18 - 13. Suppose a biotechnology company has developed...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - You learned in the chapter that an STR locus is a...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A researcher sequences the genome of a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic cells. She finds that the bacterial genome is smaller, but that there are more genes for a given number of base pairs in the eukaryotic cells. In other words, there are fewer genes per unit of length of DNA in the eukaryotic cells. What do you predict she will find if she examines the DNA more closely? A. All of the bacterial DNA consists of coding sequences, but this is not true of the eukaryotic DNA. B. There are more repetitive sequences in the eukaryotic DNA than in the bacterial DNA. C. There are densely packed genes in the eukaryotic DNA that were not immediately distinguishable during the first analysis. D. The bacteria have larger quantities of noncoding DNA than the eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardModel organisms are those widely used by researchers who wish to understand basic processes that are common to many species. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli are model organisms for modern geneticists. Give three reasons why bacteria would be useful in genetic experiments.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains the production of Okazaki fragments in replicating DNA (a) DNA is stressed when it unwinds (b) DNA is anti-parallel and can only be synthesized 5’ to 3’ (c) DNA contains once less oxygen in its sugar while RNA has an OH attached to its 2’ carbon (d) Template strands are complementary and have a tendency to reform hydrogen bonds (e) both a and darrow_forward
- Please help Why did we use biodegradable nanoparticles? Please use The worksheet below and don’t copy and paste from Google thank youarrow_forwardModels of real-world phenomena can reveal important links between structure and function in biology. Describe how the structure of DNA revealed by theWatson and Crick model suggests how it functions in living things.arrow_forwardWhich of the following inspired Avery and his colleagues to perform the experiments demonstrating that the transforming factor in bacteria is DNA? (a) that A is equal to T and that G is equal to C (b) Watson and Crick’s model of DNA structure (c) Meselson and Stahl’s studies on DNA replication in E. coli (d) Griffith’s experiments on smooth and rough strains of pneumococci (e) Hershey and Chase’s experiments on the reproduction of bacteriophagesarrow_forward
- While the three previous paragraphs put on some details about enzymes, a Russian physician and chemist named Phoebus Levene focused on the three major components of a single nucleotide (phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base) in 1919. He was also the first to discover the carbohydrate component of RNA (ribose), and carbohydrate component of DNA (deoxyribose). Years later, Levene finally identified how DNA and RNA molecules are put together Then in 1937, Hans Krebs discovered the most famous (probably) process that occur during cell respiration. This series of chemical reactions has three names such as the Citric Acid Cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Krebs Cycle. In this process, glucose and oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, water, and energy. While working on bacterial samples, Oswald Avery first suggested in 1944 that the genetic material of the cell was possibly the deoxyribonucleic acid. In the middle of the 20th Century, Erwin Chargaff began to oppose Levene's…arrow_forwardWould you expect RNA molecules to behave in the same manner as DNA during gel electrophoresis?arrow_forwardDNA from actively dividing bacteria was isolated and examined to find two groups of DNA. One group DNA included very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other included short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). What was the researcher actually seeing in these two groups? Group of answer choices mRNA molecules and siRNA molecules Okazaki fragments and RNA primers leading strands and Okazaki fragments leading strands and RNA primersarrow_forward
- An explorer discovers a strange new species of plant and sends some of the plant tissue to a geneticist to study. The geneticist isolates chromatin from the plant and examines it with an electron microscope. She observes what appear to be beads on a string. She then adds a small amount of nuclease, which cleaves the string into individual beads that each contain 280 bp of DNA. After digestion with more nuclease, a 120bp fragment of DNA remains attached to a core of histone proteins. Analysis of the histone core reveals histones in the following proportions: H1 12.5% H2A 25% H2B 25% H3 0% H4 25% H7 (a new histone) 12.5% On the basis of these observations, what conclusions could the geneticist make about the probable structure of the nucleosome in the chromatin of this plant?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about nucleic acids is not correct? Select one: A. In DNA the distance between the strands of the double helix is relatively constant. B. The growing DNA polymer is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. C. The enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis are known as DNA polymerases. D. RNA strands are synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction. E. Unlike DNA, RNA is easily cleaved because the 2'-OH group of the ribose is a nucleophile that catalyzes hydrolysis of the strand.arrow_forwardPlease answer the following question and explain Q1. If MacLeod and McCarty had accidentally contaminated their RNase enzyme with DNase, how would this have changed the conclusion that they made from their experiments? Pick the correct letter option A. They would have concluded that DNA is the only molecule required for genetic transformation. B. They would have concluded that DNA and protein are both required for genetic transformation. C. They would have concluded that RNA is the only molecule required for genetic transformation. D. They would have concluded that RNA and DNA are both required for genetic transformation. E. They would have concluded that proteins are the only molecules required for genetic transformationarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license