Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The evolution of heat stable DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) polymerase enzyme to form stronger or weaker chemical attractions with each other.
Introduction:
DNA polymerase enzymes are used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for replication and elongation of DNA sequences. They bind to the single DNA strand and synthesize two identical strands. It is widely used in PCR analysis for the amplification of particular DNA fragments. They are heat-stable and are synthesized from thermophilic bacteria.
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Suppose you have been directed to find new enzymes to use in the breakdown of wood in order to process biofuel (switchgrass, for example). Suppose you wanted to use fungal or bacterial DNA from the environment in order to do so. DNA can be unwound from the double stranded double helix into single strands, amplified, separated on gels by size, stained with dyes. It can be mutated by a variety of means. It can be sequenced. Describe one or more of the ways that you might manipulate DNA towards the stated goal. Relate the technology you plan to utilize to the structure of DNA. (You can break this into multiple posts, as multiple procedures might be used).
Which of the following experimental results was NOT evidence that DNA is the genetic molecule rather than proteins?
a.
When a virus was radioactively labelled, and the virus was allowed to infect a bacteria cell, radioactive virus DNA was found inside the bacteria cell while radioactive virus proteins were found outside the cell.
b.
Dead pathogenic bacteria cells combined with living nonpathogenic bacteria cells caused the creation of living pathogenic cells and thus the death of the host animal.
c.
Proteins are a class of macromolecules with the diversity and specificity needed for hereditary material.
d.
Nucleotide bases occur regularly, such that the number of adenines = number of thymines, and the number of guanines = number of cytosines.
A researcher sequences the genome of a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic cells. She finds that the bacterial genome is smaller, but that there are more genes for a given number of base pairs in the eukaryotic cells. In other words, there are fewer genes per unit of length of DNA in the eukaryotic cells. What do you predict she will find if she examines the DNA more closely?
A. All of the bacterial DNA consists of coding sequences, but this is not true of the eukaryotic DNA.
B. There are more repetitive sequences in the eukaryotic DNA than in the bacterial DNA.
C. There are densely packed genes in the eukaryotic DNA that were not immediately distinguishable during the first analysis.
D. The bacteria have larger quantities of noncoding DNA than the eukaryotic cells.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18.1 - What features do restriction enzymes have in...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.1 - What information and materials are needed to...Ch. 18.2 - What is a transgenic organism?Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 18 - Why are antibiotic resistance markers such as ampR...Ch. 18 - After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose...Ch. 18 - A cDNA and a cloned fragment of genomic DNA share...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following is not true of somatic cell...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Discuss Concepts A forensic scientist obtained a...Ch. 18 - 13. Suppose a biotechnology company has developed...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - You learned in the chapter that an STR locus is a...
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- Model organisms are those widely used by researchers who wish to understand basic processes that are common to many species. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli are model organisms for modern geneticists. Give three reasons why bacteria would be useful in genetic experiments.arrow_forwardGel electrophoresis drives DNA along an electrical current from a negative electrode to a positive electrode. This is because DNA is a negatively charged molecule. Do you think that gel electrophoresis would function differently if DNA was positively charged? How so? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains the production of Okazaki fragments in replicating DNA (a) DNA is stressed when it unwinds (b) DNA is anti-parallel and can only be synthesized 5’ to 3’ (c) DNA contains once less oxygen in its sugar while RNA has an OH attached to its 2’ carbon (d) Template strands are complementary and have a tendency to reform hydrogen bonds (e) both a and darrow_forward
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- Would you expect RNA molecules to behave in the same manner as DNA during gel electrophoresis?arrow_forwardPCR is a molecular biology technique where template DNA is amplified using a primer and oligonucleotides. The reaction is catalyzed by a thermostable DNA polymerase and in a particular reaction, the template strands are denatured at 95˚C. For strand hybridization, the melting temperature is 55˚C. What do you predict about the average duration of H bonds at the high temperature in comparison to the low temperature?arrow_forwardDNA from actively dividing bacteria was isolated and examined to find two groups of DNA. One group DNA included very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other included short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). What was the researcher actually seeing in these two groups? Group of answer choices mRNA molecules and siRNA molecules Okazaki fragments and RNA primers leading strands and Okazaki fragments leading strands and RNA primersarrow_forward
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