Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 2FIB
Fill in the following with the appropriate isolating mechanism: Occurs when members of two populations have different courtship behaviors: ________; occurs when hybrid offspring fail to survive to reproduce: __________; occurs when members of two populations have different breeding seasons: ___________; occurs when sperm from one species fails to fertilize the eggs of another species: _____________; occurs when the sexual organs of two species are incompatible: ______________.
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Instructions:
From the list below, select the type of reproductive barrier used to maintain species for each of
the provided examples. Be aware, some barriers may not be used at all and others may be used
more than once. Do not make assumptions, read each example carefully.
Hybrid Inviability
Hybrid Infertility
Spatial
Behavioral
Mechanical
Temporal
Gamete Incompability
Hybrid Breakdown
EXAMPLE
BARRIER
Two mules mate but never produce
offspring
Lions (Africa) and tigers (Asia) in the wild
An owl (active at night) and a blue jay
(active during the day)
Why a plant cannot fertilize itself
One fish species attracts a mate by humming
and a second species by creating an patch of
seaweed
A goat and a sheep reproduce but the
embryo never develops
The reproductive openings of one species
are 3 mm apart but in a second species the
are 7 mm apart
A small community that is heavily infested with mosquitoes was sprayed weekly with the insecticide DDT for several months. Daily counts providing information on mosquito population size are represented in the graph below.
Provide a biological explanation for the changes in the mosquito population over time.
Use the terms: insecticide resistance/resistant, natural selection, favorable trait, reproduce, mutation/sexual reproduction
Use this sentence starter: At the beginning the daily mosquito count (increased/decreased) until month _, then it started to (increase/decrease).
This occurred because..
Use NUMBERS FROM THE GRAPH
Researchers discover two populations of monkey flower (Erythranthe) in Yellowstone National Park. One population is found near geysers and thrives near the hot water. The other population is found in the dry slopes of the mountains nearby. Both populations appear physically similar. Based solely on their observations, the researchers make an initial hypothesis that the two populations of Erythranthe are actually two separate species. This is an example of using the ____ species concept (choose the BEST answer).
biological
morphological
ecological
phylogenetic
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 17.1 - The tiny frog paedophryne amauensis was discovered...Ch. 17.1 - describe how biologists define species and explain...Ch. 17.1 - One way to determine the number of species on...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 17.1 - describe the biological species concept and...Ch. 17.1 - list some reasons why it can be hard to tell...Ch. 17.2 - describe the main types of premating and...Ch. 17.2 - provide examples of each type of mechanism?Ch. 17.3 - It is not surprising that the forests of New...Ch. 17.3 - describe the two general steps that are required...
Ch. 17.3 - Make a list of events or processes that could...Ch. 17.3 - One possible explanation for the distinctive...Ch. 17.3 - explain the difference between allopatric and...Ch. 17.3 - How might conservation scientists use the map...Ch. 17.3 - explain adaptive radiation and describe the...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 17.3 - interpret an evolutionary tree diagram?Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 4TCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 17.4 - describe the main causes of extinction?Ch. 17.4 - If specialization puts a species at risk for...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 17.4 - Given that genetic isolation is the first step in...Ch. 17 - It is difficult to perform experiments that test...Ch. 17 - A species is a group of ________ that evolves...Ch. 17 - The biological species concept is difficult or...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms: species, speciation,...Ch. 17 - Fill in the following with the appropriate...Ch. 17 - Which of the following does not describe a...Ch. 17 - Many of the oak tree species in central and...Ch. 17 - Formation of a new species occurs when two...Ch. 17 - All instances of speciation require a. genetic...Ch. 17 - Review the material on the possibility of...Ch. 17 - The process by which many new species arise in a...Ch. 17 - Analysis of Rhagoletis fly populations in North...Ch. 17 - A drug called colchicine prevents cell division...Ch. 17 - A species may be at higher risk of extinction if...Ch. 17 - In the initial phase of allopatric speciation,...Ch. 17 - What are the two major types of reproductive...
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- Instructions: From the list below, select the type of reproductive barrier used to maintain species for each of the provided examples. Be aware, some barriers may not be used at all and others may be used more than once. Do not make assumptions, read each example carefully. Hybrid Inviability Temporal Hybrid Infertility Spatial Gamete Incompatibility EXAMPLE Two mules mate but never produce offspring Lions (Africa) and tigers (Asia) in the wild An owl (active at night) and a blue jay (active during the day) Why a plant cannot fertilize itself One fish species attracts a mate by humming and a second species by creating a patch of seaweed A goat and a sheep reproduce but the embryo never develops The reproductive openings of one species are 3 mm apart but in a second species they are 7 mm apart Behavioral Mechanical Hybrid Breakdown BARRIERarrow_forwardAn alpine wildflower species varies in flower color. There are red-flowered plants (RR), red and white-flowered plants (RW) and white-flowered plants (WW) in population. Initially, the genotype frequencies are red RR= 0.35, red/white RW=0.34. and white WW=.31 Flower color affects reproduction success because it influences pollinator behavior. After a new pollinator colonizes the meadow where this wildflower lives, the average number of offspring per plant is red=105, red/white= 89, white =96 What will be the genotype frequencies in the first generation of plants following natural selection due to the new pollinator? Round all values to 2 decimal places In the rationale, explain how you arrived at the answer A. RR=.71 RW=.07 WW=.22 B. RR=.34 RW=.60 WW=.06 C.RR=.68 RW=.23 WW=.09 D. RR=.45 RW=.52 WW=.03 E RR=.38 WW=.31 WW=.31 F. RR=.35RW=.34 WW=.31 Rationale:_______________________________________arrow_forwardThe biological species concept distinguishes two species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their gene pools. True Falsearrow_forward
- Identify which of the following are examples of temporal isolation. Two species have different courtship displays. Two species are sexually active at different times of the day. Two species have different habitat ranges. Two species mate at different times of the year, one in early spring and one during the summer. Two species of wild lettuce grow in the same area, but one flowers in early spring and the other flowers in summer. Two species of birds live in the same area and mate at the same time, but have different songs.arrow_forwardDecide whether each of the following scenarios would lead to prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolation: a) Dragonflies from two different populations have genitals that do not match, so they can't mate successfully [Select ] b) Two different species of fish have very different courtship displays, but they can mate and produce a non-fertile offspring [Select] c) One species of plant flowers in the winter, while another flowers in early spring [ Select ] d) The gametes of two tree species can fuse, but a zygote does not form [ Select ] e) A mountain range separates two populations of snakes I Select]arrow_forwardBASED ON THIS GRAPH: A small community that is heavily infested with mosquitoes was sprayed weekly with the insecticide DDT for several months. Daily counts providing information on mosquito population size are represented in the graph below. Provide a biological explanation for the changes in the mosquito population over time. Use the terms: insecticide resistance/resistant, natural selection, favorable trait, reproduce, mutation/sexual reproductionarrow_forward
- 1) Many organisms have the ability to reproduce asexually as well as perform sexual reproduction. A Scientist, John Smith, was conducting research on aphids that can undergo both methods of reproduction. He determined the males in his population had fertilization rate of 1.8 and a relative fitness of outcrossed offspring was 1.1. a) What is the equilibrium frequency of males in this population? b) Is this population stable equilibrium and why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following species would have the greatest chance of going extinct? a species with a slow reproduction rate and very little genetic variation living in a changing environment a species with a fast reproduction rate and lots of genetic variation living in a changing environment a species with a slow reproduction rate and very little genetic variation living in a stable environment a species with a fast reproduction rate and lots of genetic variation living in a stable environmentarrow_forwardClassify the examples as pre‑zygotic or post‑zygotic barriers.arrow_forward
- The data chart below shows the number of black and tan mice in a population in a field over five generations. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the findings? Question options: A natural disaster occurred during the second generation causing a reduction in the number of black mice and a bottleneck population of tan mice was left to reproduce. A random genetic mutation occurred in a black mouse in generation three, leading to a decline in the population. The predator of the mice hunts during the day when the tan mice are better camouflaged in the environment so the black mice were eaten more frequently. The tan mice were able to acquire the ability to adapt to the environment quickly between the first and second generation.arrow_forwardGive examples on the reproductive isolating mechanisms (geographical isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation, temporal or seasonal isolation) Note: example in the activity is in the photo attachedarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about sympatric speciation is correct? It is a process through which two populations can diverge and develop reproductive isolation while in two different geographic area. It is the most common mechanism for populations to form independent species. Postzygotic isolation is the main form of reproductive isolation for the sympatric speciation process. Genetic isolation through large scale chromosomal mutations, such as chromosome inversion or polyploidy, are more likely contributing to sympatric speciation. None of the abovearrow_forward
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