Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17.3, Problem 1TC
Make a list of events or processes that could cause geographic subdivision of a population. Do you think items on your list are sufficient to account for formation of the millions of species that have inhabited Earth?
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A small community that is heavily infested with mosquitoes was sprayed weekly with the insecticide DDT for several months. Daily counts providing information on mosquito population size are represented in the graph below.
Provide a biological explanation for the changes in the mosquito population over time.
Use the terms: insecticide resistance/resistant, natural selection, favorable trait, reproduce, mutation/sexual reproduction
Use this sentence starter: At the beginning the daily mosquito count (increased/decreased) until month _, then it started to (increase/decrease).
This occurred because..
Use NUMBERS FROM THE GRAPH
Consider the graphic that is presented and depicts the end-point for the following scenario.
At some point in the past, species A resided as a large population entirely within a rectangular geographical area. The population became divided into two isolated populations when, during a major earthquake, a mountain range arose and disrupted gene flow. Over time, the two new populations evolved independently from one another, yielding species B and C. The population comprising species C became divided into two isolated populations when another earthquake created an escarpment that disrupted gene flow. Over time, these two new populations evolved independently from one another, yielding species D and E.Imagine that you were to arrive to the region long after species D and E had evolved, completely oblivious to the scenario that is described above; survey the region for living species in this group; and conduct a cladistic analysis on those species.
Assuming that the data that you were to…
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 17.1 - The tiny frog paedophryne amauensis was discovered...Ch. 17.1 - describe how biologists define species and explain...Ch. 17.1 - One way to determine the number of species on...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 17.1 - describe the biological species concept and...Ch. 17.1 - list some reasons why it can be hard to tell...Ch. 17.2 - describe the main types of premating and...Ch. 17.2 - provide examples of each type of mechanism?Ch. 17.3 - It is not surprising that the forests of New...Ch. 17.3 - describe the two general steps that are required...
Ch. 17.3 - Make a list of events or processes that could...Ch. 17.3 - One possible explanation for the distinctive...Ch. 17.3 - explain the difference between allopatric and...Ch. 17.3 - How might conservation scientists use the map...Ch. 17.3 - explain adaptive radiation and describe the...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 17.3 - interpret an evolutionary tree diagram?Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 4TCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 17.4 - describe the main causes of extinction?Ch. 17.4 - If specialization puts a species at risk for...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 17.4 - Given that genetic isolation is the first step in...Ch. 17 - It is difficult to perform experiments that test...Ch. 17 - A species is a group of ________ that evolves...Ch. 17 - The biological species concept is difficult or...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms: species, speciation,...Ch. 17 - Fill in the following with the appropriate...Ch. 17 - Which of the following does not describe a...Ch. 17 - Many of the oak tree species in central and...Ch. 17 - Formation of a new species occurs when two...Ch. 17 - All instances of speciation require a. genetic...Ch. 17 - Review the material on the possibility of...Ch. 17 - The process by which many new species arise in a...Ch. 17 - Analysis of Rhagoletis fly populations in North...Ch. 17 - A drug called colchicine prevents cell division...Ch. 17 - A species may be at higher risk of extinction if...Ch. 17 - In the initial phase of allopatric speciation,...Ch. 17 - What are the two major types of reproductive...
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- In a population of mayflies, variation in the STRIPE gene causes different body coloration. SS individuals have skinny stripes, Ss individuals have wide stripes, and ss individuals are unassigned. You collect some mayflies and estimate that the frequency of the S allele is 0.85. You want to know whether the population is evolving, so you will return to the same site next summer and collect 1000 mayflies from the next generation. If the population is not evolving, how many of the 1000 mayflies collected next summer should have wide stripes. (round to the nearest whole number) A. 255 b.850 C. 723 D. 23arrow_forwardIn a graphing paper, construct age structure diagrams for country A and B using the given data below. Label your graphs completely. Use the following color as your legend: purple: pre-reproductive, green: reproductive and blue: post-reproductive. A B Total population (millions) 140 80 Pre-reproductive 45 12 Reproductive 92 47 Post-reproductive 3 21 a. In which of the countries above would you expect to see a rapid increase within the next few generations? Why? b. Imagine that the graphs show populations of two different species that people want to protect. Which species is likely to need the most protection and management in the near future? Why?arrow_forwardThe life table below is for a species of lizard. Use it to answer the questions below. It can be copied and pasted in excel or downloaded here. What is the generation time for this species (rounded to the closest full number)? nx bx 678 1 102 2 31 3 19 10 4 14 12 12 12 6 10 14 7 10 10 8. 11 9. 7 10 12 years 5 years 3 years O 10 yearsarrow_forward
- What is Macroevolution? A) The change of a population over several generations B) The history of a species from its origin C) The history of all populations and their descendantsarrow_forwardChoose the answer that best relates to the concept of Gene Flow. Group of answer choices A: All of these answers are true B: involves the mixing of alleles between sub-populations through interbreeding. C: helps keep the population gene pool from regionally diversifying too much. D: has increased for humans recently through globalization and migrationarrow_forwardLet us suppose that an organism began with 10 individuals. It then went on through 25 generations. How many individuals would then be present in the final generation? 3.4 6250 3.4 107 3.4 * 108arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the biological significance of genetic diversity between populations? A) Genes for traits conferring an advantage to local conditions are unlikely. B) Diseases and parasites are not spread between separated populations. C) Genetic diversity reduces the probability of extinction. D) The population that is most fit would survive by competitive exclusion.arrow_forwardConsider the 4 lines of data to be from the life tables of various species. Each one represents a different age class, and they report values for lx, dx, qx, and bx. Again, they are from different species. Which of the 4 choices would you say belongs to the species with the most intense age specific mortality? Group of answer choices l4 = 711, d4 = 211, q4 = 0.723, b4 = 0.98 l1 = 549, d1 = 242, q1 = 0.613, b1 = 0.08 l2 = 267, d2 = 199, q2 = 0.214, b2 = 1.28 l3 = 915, d3 = 377, q3 = 0.357, b3 = 2.90arrow_forwardThe graph below includes information on the average time to fixation of an allele (in generations) as a function of population size. The three different curves represent different starting allele frequencies. Which of the following statements correctly describes patterns depicted in the graph below? I. As population size increases, it takes fewer generations for alleles to reach fixation II. As starting allele frequency increases, it takes fewer generations for alleles to reach fixation III. Small populations will lose alleles more rapidly than large populations. IV. Even if starting allele frequency is low, fixation is possible - it just happens slowly. Only III is a correct description Only II is a correct description II, III, & IV are correct descriptions Both II & III are correct descriptions Both I & II are correct descriptions All four statements (I, II, III & IV) are correct descriptions asap pleasearrow_forward
- What processes affect the composition of a population’s gene pool?arrow_forward(b) Suppose that we want to model the evolution of the population of a cer- tain type of organisms. Observations indicate that if the population drops below a survival level of 10° individuals, it goes extinct. Moreover, the population growth is limited: the available resources of space and food can sustain at most 106 individuals. We treat the population size P(t) as a continuous function of time. (i) Explain briefly how the following model incorporates the above ob- servations: dP — К(А- Р)(Р — В), k>0, dt where P(t) denotes the population size at time t and B 0. dt Find the equilibrium values and determine their stability. [6]arrow_forwardThink about the pattern of human dispersal. Given what you know about the founder effect, would you expect populations native to South America to be more or less genetically diverse than those native to North America?Explain your reasoningarrow_forward
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