Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 16.9, Problem 40P
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The stability of hemiacetals in basic solutions should be explained.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason behind the fact that acetal formation must be catalyzed by an acid but not with
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The explanation for the rate of hydrate formation be increased by hydroxide ion as well as by acid should be identified.
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Write TRUE if the underlined word/phrase makes the statement correct. Otherwise, write the correct WORD/PHRASE that will make the statement true.
a. 2-phenylacetaldehyde is soluble with concentrated sulfuric acid due to acid-base neutralization.
b. 2-phenylacetic acid has a solubility classification of A2, which means it is soluble in 5.O%NaOH and insoluble in 5.O% NaHCO3.
c. Scratching the inner sides of the beaker to begin recrystallization is advised for unsaturated solutions.
d. Washing with hot solvent eliminates adhered mother liquor and avoids crystal dissolution.
e. To extract a nonpolar organic compound using solvent extraction, the extracting solvent must be nonpolar, and the washing solvent must be also nonpolar.
f. Addition of 6.0 M NaCl extracts saponins by converting them to their salt form.
g. The stationary phase in the paper chromatography experiment is the filter paper.
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The reaction of 4-methylcyclohexanone with CH3MgBr followed by neutralization gives two alcohols. These two alcohols are
A.
enantiomers formed in equal amounts.
B.
diastereomers.
C.
constitutional isomers.
D.
enantiomers formed in unequal amounts.
Choose the best explanation for why these
compounds are all less than fifteen carbons.
A) Aldehydes with longer alkyl chains
become increasingly nonpolar and the LDF
are stronger than hydrogen bonding with
ethanol.
B) Ethanol molecules will hydrogen bond
with the oxygen of the aldehydes. However,
longer alkyl chains interrupt the ability of
the aldehyde to hydrogen bond with
ethanol which decreases the solubility.
C) Ethanol molecules will form strong LDF
interactions between the alkyl chains of the
aldehydes and the alkyl groups of ethanol.
The strong attractions cause the aldehydes
to precipitate out of solution.
D) When aldehydes chain length increases,
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force with the small ethanol solvent
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - Give two names for each of the following:Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2PCh. 16.1 - Name the following:Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 16.4 - What products are formed when the following...Ch. 16.4 - We saw on the previous page that...Ch. 16.4 - a. How many stereoisomers are obtained from the...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 9PCh. 16.4 - Write the mechanism for the reaction of acetyl...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 11P
Ch. 16.4 - Show how the following compounds can be...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 13PCh. 16.4 - Prob. 14PCh. 16.4 - In the mechanism for cyanohydrin formation, why is...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16PCh. 16.4 - Prob. 17PCh. 16.4 - Show two ways to convert an alkyl halide into a...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 20PCh. 16.5 - Prob. 21PCh. 16.5 - Prob. 22PCh. 16.5 - Prob. 23PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 24PCh. 16.7 - What reducing agents should be used to obtain the...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 26PCh. 16.8 - Prob. 27PCh. 16.8 - Prob. 28PCh. 16.8 - Prob. 29PCh. 16.8 - The pKa of protonated acetone is about 7.5. and...Ch. 16.8 - Prob. 31PCh. 16.8 - Prob. 32PCh. 16.8 - Prob. 33PCh. 16.8 - Excess ammonia must be used when a primary amine...Ch. 16.8 - The compounds commonly known as amino acids are...Ch. 16.9 - Hydration of an aldehyde is also catalyzed by...Ch. 16.9 - Which ketone forms the most hydrate in an aqueous...Ch. 16.9 - When trichloroacetaldehyde is dissolved in water,...Ch. 16.9 - Which of the following are a. hermiacetals? b....Ch. 16.9 - Prob. 40PCh. 16.9 - Explain why an acetal can be isolated but most...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 42PCh. 16.10 - Prob. 43PCh. 16.10 - What products would be formed from the proceedings...Ch. 16.10 - a. In a six-step synthesis, what is the yield of...Ch. 16.10 - Show how each of the following compounds could be...Ch. 16.12 - Prob. 47PCh. 16.13 - Prob. 49PCh. 16.14 - Prob. 50PCh. 16.15 - Prob. 51PCh. 16.16 - Prob. 52PCh. 16 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 16 - Prob. 54PCh. 16 - Prob. 55PCh. 16 - Prob. 56PCh. 16 - a. Show the reagents required to form the primary...Ch. 16 - Prob. 58PCh. 16 - Prob. 59PCh. 16 - Using cyclohexanone as the starting material,...Ch. 16 - Propose a mechanism for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Show how each of the following compounds can be...Ch. 16 - Fill in the boxes:Ch. 16 - Prob. 64PCh. 16 - Identify A through O:Ch. 16 - Prob. 66PCh. 16 - Prob. 67PCh. 16 - Prob. 68PCh. 16 - How many signals would the product of the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 70PCh. 16 - Prob. 71PCh. 16 - Prob. 72PCh. 16 - Prob. 73PCh. 16 - Prob. 74PCh. 16 - Prob. 75PCh. 16 - Prob. 76PCh. 16 - Prob. 77PCh. 16 - Prob. 78PCh. 16 - Draw structure for A-D for each of the following:Ch. 16 - Prob. 80PCh. 16 - a. Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:...Ch. 16 - Prob. 82PCh. 16 - A compound gives the following IR spectrum. Upon...Ch. 16 - How can be following compounds be prepared from...Ch. 16 - Prob. 85PCh. 16 - Prob. 86PCh. 16 - Prob. 87PCh. 16 - In the presence of an acid catalyst, acetaldehyde...Ch. 16 - Prob. 89PCh. 16 - Prob. 90PCh. 16 - Prob. 91PCh. 16 - A compound reacts with methylmagnesium bromide...Ch. 16 - Show how each of the following compounds can be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 94PCh. 16 - The pKa values of the carboxylic acid groups of...Ch. 16 - The Baylis-Hillman reaction is a DABCO...Ch. 16 - Prob. 97PCh. 16 - Prob. 98P
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