The given compounds has to be ranked from most reactive to least reactive towards nucleophilic addition. Concept introduction: The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups: Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile. An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen. The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compounds has to be ranked from most reactive to least reactive towards nucleophilic addition.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AG⁰ = -34. KJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: ? rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no ☐ atm ☑ 5 00. 18 Ar

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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NO(g) +Cl₂ (g) = 2NOC1 (g) AGº = -41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.90 atm of chlorine (C12) and 5.71 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOC1) at 1075. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. atm ☑ 18 Ar

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compounds has to be ranked from most reactive to least reactive towards nucleophilic addition.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compounds has to be ranked from most reactive to least reactive towards nucleophilic addition.

Concept introduction:

The relative reactivity of carbonyl groups:

Carbonyl group is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than the carbon. As results carbonyl group is an electron deficient and it is an electrophile.

An aldehyde has a greater partial positive charge on its carbonyl carbon than a ketone because an alkyl group is more electrons donating than hydrogen.

The ketones with small alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon are more reactive than those with large alkyl groups.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 55P

Interpretation Introduction