Chapter 16, Problem 57E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To assign the oxidation state to every element and also identify the element that is reduced or oxidized with the help of change in oxidation state of elements in each given reaction.

Concept introduction:

The species that accepts electrons is reduced. The substance which is reduced is called as oxidising agent.

The species that donates electrons is oxidized. The substance which is oxidized is called as reducing agent.

Oxidation state is defined as a charge which an atom of the element has in its ion or appears to have when present in the combined state with other atoms

Rule for calculation of oxidation state is as follows:

Oxidation state of atom in free element is $0$.

In monoatomic ion oxidation is given to its charge.

The sum of oxidation of all atoms is $0$ in neutral molecule.

In ionic compound oxidation state is equal to the charge on the compound.

Charge of non-metal oxygen is $-2$.

The oxidation of non-metals is calculated with the help of hierarchical table.

The charge on alkali metal, group 1A metal is $+1$ and on alkaline earth metal group IIA metal is $+2$.