Chapter 16, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thechange in enthalpy of the sublimation of water with the help of heat of fusion and vaporization for water needs to be determined.

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(s)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}$

Also comprehend the number of hydrogen bonds formed to each of water molecule by estimating the portion of intermolecular forces in ice by accounting the hydrogen bonding.

Concept Introduction:

Solid state has strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles whereas the gaseous particles have weakest intermolecular forces between particles. Due to intermolecular force of attraction between particles, different interconversions are possible between these three states like evaporation, condensation, sublimation, etc. These states have different intermolecular forces between substances. The intermolecular forces exist between different molecules and are mainly 4 types:

• London dispersion force
• Hydrogen bond
• Dipole-dipole bond
• Ion-dipole bond

The order of strength of forces can be shown as:

London dispersion force < dipole-dipole force < Ion-dipole force