The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given. Concept Introduction: In organic chemistry , oxidation reaction is referred to the number C − O bonds increase and/or number of C − H bonds decrease. In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C − O bonds decrease and/or number of C − H bonds increase. Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product. Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction. The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Question

In the box on the right, draw the best resonance structure of the compound on the left. Draw electron-flow arrows on the structure on the left to indicate how the electrons reorganize to give the structure on the right. Interactive 3D display mode CH₁₂ Edit the reaction by drawing all steps in the appropriate boxes and connecting them with reaction arrows. Add charges where needed. Electron flow arrows should start on an atom or a bond and should end on an atom, bond, or location where a new bond should be created. H± EXP. CONT を口か H3C. CH3 H C Zo S CI Br P9 F

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

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In the box on the right, draw the best resonance structure of the compound on the left. Draw electron-flow arrows on the structure on the left to indicate how the electrons reorganize to give the structure on the right. Interactive 3D display mode CH₁₂ Edit the reaction by drawing all steps in the appropriate boxes and connecting them with reaction arrows. Add charges where needed. Electron flow arrows should start on an atom or a bond and should end on an atom, bond, or location where a new bond should be created. H± EXP. CONT を口か H3C. CH3 H C Zo S CI Br P9 F

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds increase and/or number of C−H bonds decrease.

In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number C−O bonds decrease and/or number of C−H bonds increase.

Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.

Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.

The reverse of oxidation reaction is reduction reaction. Reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol as the product and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol as the product. Reduction can be accomplished using hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst namely nickel.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 25

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the IUPAC name of aldehyde or ketone that is required to prepare the given compound either by oxidation or reduction.

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Chapter 15 Solutions