Chapter 15, Problem 15.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Methanal is a liquid or gas at room temperature has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it.  Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature.  The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature.  Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.

Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it.  For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required.  Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Butanal is a liquid or gas at room temperature has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it.  Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature.  The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature.  Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.

Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it.  For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required.  Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Propanone is a liquid or gas at room temperature has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it.  Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature.  The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature.  Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.

Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it.  For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required.  Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

2-hexanone is a liquid or gas at room temperature has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it.  Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature.  The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature.  Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.

Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it.  For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required.  Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.