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(a)
Interpretation:
The compound that has higher solubility in water among the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it. Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature. The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature. Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.
Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it. For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required. Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.
Solubility of aldehydes and ketones depend upon the length of the carbon chain. Those contain less than six carbon atoms are soluble in both water and organic solvents. Aldehydes and ketones that contain six or more carbon atoms are not soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents only. Solubility of smaller ketones and aldehydes are result of the hydrogen bond formation between the lone pairs of oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom in the water molecule.
(b)
Interpretation:
The compound that has higher solubility in water among the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that contains a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom bonded to it. Aldehyde that has one and two carbon atoms are gas at room temperature. The physical state of aldehyde that contains three carbon atoms to eleven carbon atoms that are not branched is liquid at room temperature. Aldehydes that contain more than eleven carbon atoms are solid at room temperature.
Ketones contain a carbonyl group that contains two carbon atoms bonded to it. For a compound to be ketone, a minimum of three carbon atom is required. Ketones that contain three carbon atoms to eight carbon atoms which have the carbonyl group at the second carbon atom are liquid at room temperature.
Solubility of aldehydes and ketones depend upon the length of the carbon chain. Those contain less than six carbon atoms are soluble in both water and organic solvents. Aldehydes and ketones that contain six or more carbon atoms are not soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents only. Solubility of smaller ketones and aldehydes are result of the hydrogen bond formation between the lone pairs of oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom in the water molecule.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
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- How can phenol be distinguished from cyclohexanol? O A. solubility in water B. solubility in hydrochloric acid solution C. solubility in sodium bicarbonate solution D. solubility in sodium hydroxide solutionarrow_forward1. What are the substances present in the label of formaldehyde (formalin)? 2. What is the percentage composition of acetone in the nail polish remover? 3. According to your interview, what is/are the uses of formalin and acetone? A. Uses of Formalin- B. Uses of Acetone - 4. What type of bond is present in the two structures? 5. Why do you think aldehydes and ketones belong to the group of carbonyl containing compounds?arrow_forwardWhich of the following compounds will be the MOST soluble in water? A. 1-octanol B. 1-Hexanol C. 1-Propanol D. 3-Hexanolarrow_forward
- 1. Which of the following structural features is possessed by aldehydes but not ketones? a. At least one hydroxyl group is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom. b. At least one hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom. c. The carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms. d. The carbonyl carbon atom is part of a ring structure. 2. What is the IUPAC name of the following compound in the attached photo? a. 3-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid b. 2-chloro-4-carboxynitrobenzene c. 2-nitro-5-carboxychlorobenzene d. 2-chloro-1-nitro-4-benzoic acid 3. Which of the following is the correct bond-line structure for CH3C≡C(CH2)2CH(CH3)2? a. Structure I b. Structure II c. Structure III d. Structure IVarrow_forwardDraw the structure corresponding to each name. a. propyl formate b. butyl butanoate c. heptyl benzoate d. N-ethylhexanamide e. N-ethyl- N-methylheptanamidearrow_forward14. Draw following compounds using line formula 1-Propanethiol a. b. 2-Butanethiol C. 2-Methyl-2-butanethiol d. 1,4-Cyclohexanedithiolarrow_forward
- Question 21.arrow_forwardMost simple ketones and aldehydes exist mainly as the keto tautomer form. A. True B. Falsearrow_forward9. Assign an IUPAC name to each of the following compounds. 2. a. CH3-C-O-C-CH2-CH, b. CH3-CH2-CH-CH-C-CI L. C. CH3-CH-CH-C-Cl ČH3 CH3 d. CH3-CH-C-0-C-H Draw the structures of the esters formed by reacting the following substances 1 molecule methanol and 1 molecule phosphoric acid 2 molecules methanol and 1 molecule phosphoric acid 1 molecule methanol and 1 molecule nitric acid 1 molecule ethylene glycol and 2 molecules of nitric acid 0. A. В. C, D.arrow_forward
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