Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given acetal in an acid solution has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product. This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.
Acetals are stable in basic solution. But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a
Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,
Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,
(b)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given acetal in an acid solution has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.
Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product. This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.
Acetals are stable in basic solution. But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the compound splits into two or more fragments when water is added to the compound in presence of acid or base as catalyst. Acetals undergo hydrolysis to give the respective starting materials from which it is formed.
Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,
Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,
(c)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given acetal in an acid solution has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.
Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product. This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.
Acetals are stable in basic solution. But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the compound splits into two or more fragments when water is added to the compound in presence of acid or base as catalyst. Acetals undergo hydrolysis to give the respective starting materials from which it is formed.
Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,
Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,
(d)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC names of the product formed from hydrolysis of given acetal in an acid solution has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.
Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product. This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.
Acetals are stable in basic solution. But in acidic solution, they undergo hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the compound splits into two or more fragments when water is added to the compound in presence of acid or base as catalyst. Acetals undergo hydrolysis to give the respective starting materials from which it is formed.
Hemiacetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form one alcohol molecule and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of hemiacetal in acid solution,
Acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acidic solution to form two alcohol molecules and ketone or aldehyde molecule. The general reaction for hydrolysis of acetal in acid solution,
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Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Use the literature Ka value of the acetic acid, and the data below to answer these questions. Note: You will not use the experimental titration graphs to answer the questions that follow. Group #1: Buffer pH = 4.35 Group #2: Buffer pH = 4.70 Group #3: Buffer pH = 5.00 Group #4: Buffer pH = 5.30 Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the buffer pH provided and the literature pKa value of acetic acid to perform the following: a) calculate the ratios of [acetate]/[acetic acid] for each of the 4 groups buffer solutions above. b) using the calculated ratios, which group solution will provide the best optimal buffer (Hint: what [acetate]/[acetic acid] ratio value is expected for an optimal buffer?) c) explain your choicearrow_forwardHow would you prepare 1 liter of a 50 mM Phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 beginning with K3PO4 and 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH? Please help and show calculations. Thank youarrow_forwardDraw the four most importantcontributing structures of the cation intermediate thatforms in the electrophilic chlorination of phenol,(C6H5OH) to form p-chlorophenol. Put a circle aroundthe best one. Can you please each step and also how you would approach a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forward
- A 100mM lactic acid/lactate buffer was found to have a lactate to lactic acid ratio of 2 and a pH of 4.2. What is the pKa of lactic acid? Can you please help show the calculations?arrow_forwardUsing line angle formulas, draw thestructures of and name four alkanes that have total of 7carbons, one of which is tertiary.Please explain this in detail and can you also explain how to approach a similar problem like this as well?arrow_forwardUsing dashed line wedge projections drawthe indicated compounds and indicate whether thecompound you have drawn is R or S.(a) The two enantiomers of 2-chlorobutane. Can you please explain your steps and how you would approach a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forward
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