Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Telomeres are short sequence of noncoding DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. These are repeated hundred to thousand times. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that adds telomeres to the DNA strands.
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The role of p53 in normal cells is toa. create cancer-blocking mutations.b. trigger unrestrained cell division.c. detect damaged DNA.d. splice exons together in the correct sequence.
Which of the following are characteristics of aging cells (select all that apply)?
A.
Chronic inflammation results in premature shortening of telomeres
B.
Lengthening of telomeric DNA sequence
C.
Accumulation of telomere-dysfunction–induced foci (TIFs)
D.
Older cells produce more telomerase
E.
Increased erosion of telomeres
Of the following statements related to the function of telomeres, identify which is FALSE.
a.
Telomeres protect organisms from cancer by limiting the number of somatic cell divisions
b.
Telomeres help prevent unnecessary cell death by preventing DNA monitoring activity at the staggered ends of DNA
c.
Telomeres restore the length of lagging DNA strands in germ cells
d.
Telomeres offer some protection against the unavoidable shortening of genes
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.3 - What is the importance of complementary base...Ch. 14.3 - Why is a primer needed for DNA replication? How is...Ch. 14.3 - DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I are used...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.4 - Why is a proofreading mechanism important for DNA...
Ch. 14 - Working on the Amazon River, a biologist isolated...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14 - Pyrimidines built from a single carbon ring are:...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts Eukaryotic chromosomes can be...Ch. 14 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts During replication, an error...Ch. 14 - Design an Experiment Design an experiment using...Ch. 14 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 14 - Prob. 2ITD
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- Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false.Correct each to make a true statement. a. In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence. b. A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription. c. The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA’s triplets. d. Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified. e. During translation, amino acids are delivered by the messenger RNA transcriparrow_forwardAlternate splicing: A. Reduces mRNA half-life by shortening poly(A) tails B. Disrupts histone arrangement for increased transcription C. Uses topoisomerase to complete its function D. Can produce 2 or more products from one genearrow_forwardDuring DNA replication: A. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of a complementary strand. Each new DNA helix has one old strand with one new strand. B. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of a similar strand. Each new DNA helix has one old strand with one new strand. C. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of a similar strand. Each new DNA helix has two new strands. D. The two DNA strands separate, each strand then becomes a template for the assembly of an identical strand. Each new DNA helix has one old strand with one new strand.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the most likely effect of a mutation in the gene coding for a DNA repair enzyme? a.The mutated gene will not be transcribed because RNA polymerase cannot transcribe mutated DNA. b.Mutations will accumulate more quickly because the cell will not be able to fix errors in replication. c.The cell will immediately undergo apoptosis so that mutated DNA is not replicated in future rounds of cell division. d.The cell containing the mutation will divide more frequently because the cell cycle checkpoints will not function properly.arrow_forwardNonsense mutations occur when: A.The new codon causes an incorrect amino acid to code for an incorrect protein B.The loss or gain of 1 or 2 nucleotides that affects the coding for a protein. C.An alteration in sequence results in a new codon that causes the code to create an incomplete protein. D.Chromosomes break, causing a loss of DNA E.Genes in chromosome mutate and code for incorrect DNAarrow_forwardVinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to Select one: a. inhibition of DNA synthesis. O b. myosin denaturation and inhibition of cleavage furrow formation. c. suppression of cyclin production. Od. inhibition of regulatory protein phosphorylation. O e. disruption of mitotic spindle formation. Next pagearrow_forward
- Which of the following is MOST likely true of aggressively dividing cancer cells (select one)? A. They do not express telomerase B. They do not express hTERT C. They are in a state of cell crisis D. Their telomeres are stabilized (not shortening with each cellular division) E. None of Abovearrow_forwardThe role of the APC to get past the metaphase/ anaphase checkpoint is... Select one: a. to initiate gene expression of proteins involved in DNA replication. b. Add phosphates to the MPF to cause intermediate filaments to break down, free DNA to move in the cell. c. to add phosphate to intermediate filaments causing them to reform into the nuclear envelope d. add ubiquitin to cohesins allowing the sister chromatids to splitarrow_forwardCancer cells can divide much longer than most other cells. One possible reason is the presence of telomerase in cancer cells. How might telomerase aid cancer cells? A. It proofreads the telomere sequences. B. It increases the length of the telomeres. C. It decreases the length of the telomeres. D. It stabilizes the bonds in the telomeres.arrow_forward
- Which of these is NOT true of nucleosomes? A. Some post-translational modifications to histone proteins serve as binding sites for transcription factors. B. The position of nucleosomes is fixed on the genome and can not be changed. C. The position and post-translational modifications of histones can be inherited through mitosis. D. The binding between DNA and histone proteins can be disrupted by post-translational modifications.arrow_forwardWish of the following statements is true about DNA? a. DNA is the hereditary material in almost all organisms b. The replication of mitochondrial DNA is controlled by nuclear DNA c. Most DNA is found in the mitochondria d. Human nuclear DNA consists of one polynucleotide that carries all e. Mitochondrial DNA controls most of the cell activities Question After using the blender to blend the split peas, water, and salt mixture, cheesecloth is used to ......... a. Filtrate the mixture and precipitate the protein b. Filtrates the contents of the blender to collect the strained fluid for DNA extraction c. Separate the DNA from the protein that folded and protected the DNA d. Collect pure nucleic acid e. Precipitate the nucleic acid acidgenetic informationarrow_forwardA.) DNA encodes for the cell genome and is therefore a permanent copy to have a functioning cell. B.)Different changes to the structure of messenger RNA can cause mutations and genomic instability which could lead to abnormal cells in the body. a. Statement A is correct b. Statement B is correct c. Both A and B are correct d. Both A and B are incorrectarrow_forward
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