Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ
A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a mutation that eliminates the exonuclease function of DNA pol III. Which prediction about the mutational load in the adult fruit flies is most likely to be correct?
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have significantly more mutations than average
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have slightly more mutations than average
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have the same number of mutations as average
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have fewer mutations than average.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
A certain section of the coding (sense) strand of some DNA looks like this:
5'-
ATGGGCCACTCATCTTAG-3'
It's known that a very small gene is contained in this section.
Classify each of the possible mutations of this DNA shown in the table below.
I Don't Know
mutant DNA
5'- ATG GGCCACAGTTCTTAG-3'
5'- ATG GG CTCATCTTAG - 3'
5'- ATG GGCCACGCATCTTAG-3'
Submit
type of mutation
(check all that apply)
ооооо
O point
O silent
O noisy
ооооо
insertion
deletion
insertion
O deletion
Opoint
Osilent
noisy
insertion
O deletion
ооооо
Opoint
silent
O noisy
X
S
Ⓒ2023 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accessibility
Exposure to various chemicals can cause DNA mutations. Classify the examples as representative of transition, transversion, or
nsertion/deletion mutations.
Transition
replacement of T:A: with C:G
treatment with nitrogen mustard causes this
type of mutation
oxidative deamination via nitrous acid causes
this type of mutation
treatment with 5-bromouracil causes the
replacement of A:T with G:C
Transversion
replacement of G:C with T:A
Answer Bank
Insertion/Deletion
the removal of one or more base pairs
treatment with proflavin causes this type
of mutation
The data below illustrates the role of MutS, MutH and Dam in DNA repair. Strains of E coli that are wild-type (FX-11) or with inactive forms of MutS or MutH as well as strains without dam methylase. Explain the function of MutS and MutH and why their deletion enhance the mutation rate of E coli. Why does deletion of the dam gene increase the mutation rate further?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 14 - Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results...Ch. 14 - If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it...Ch. 14 - The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped...Ch. 14 - Bacterial transformation is a major concern in...Ch. 14 - DNA double helix does not have which of the...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?...Ch. 14 - Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA...Ch. 14 - If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC,...
Ch. 14 - How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and...Ch. 14 - Which of the following components is not involved...Ch. 14 - Which of the following does the enzyme primase...Ch. 14 - In which direction does DNA replication take...Ch. 14 - A scientist randomly mutates the DNA of a...Ch. 14 - The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 14 - During proofreading, which of the following...Ch. 14 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 14 - A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a...Ch. 14 - Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What...Ch. 14 - Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used...Ch. 14 - When Chargaffwas performing his experiments, the...Ch. 14 - Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing...Ch. 14 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 14 - Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome...Ch. 14 - How did the scientific community learn that DNA...Ch. 14 - Imagine the Meselson and Stahl experiments had...Ch. 14 - DNA replication is bidirectional and...Ch. 14 - What are Okazaki fragments and how they are...Ch. 14 - If the rate of replication in a particular...Ch. 14 - Explain the events taking place at the replication...Ch. 14 - What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?...Ch. 14 - Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections...Ch. 14 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 14 - What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch...Ch. 14 - An adult with a history of tanning has his genome...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
7. Both Tim and Jan (problem 6) have a widow’s peak (see Module 9.8), but Mike has a straight hairline. What ar...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
1. Why is the quantum-mechanical model of the atom important for understanding chemistry?
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
In your own words, briefly distinguish between relative dates and numerical dates.
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
2. List the subdivisions of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity? A. a greater proportion of unsaturated...
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Match each of the following items with all the terms it applies to:
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are (1) nucleotide changes and (2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.arrow_forwardAlthough it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardWhich type of mutation is simulated in the following example? Wild type: THE ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE Mutant: THE ONE BUG FLY HAD ONE RED EYEarrow_forward
- The accompanying photo shows a sequencing gel from the original study that first sequenced the cystic fibrosis gene (J. R. Riordan et al. 1989. Science 245:1066–1073). From the photo, determine the sequence of the normal copy of the gene and the sequence of the mutated copy of the gene. Identify the location of the mutation that causes cystic fibrosis. (Hint: The CF mutation is a 3-bp deletion.)arrow_forwardThe genetic alteration responsible for sickle-cell anemia in humans involves: a transition mutation from A to G, substituting glutamic acid for valine in a-globin a transversion mutation from T to A, substituting valine for glutamic acid in b-globin a transition mutation from T to C, substituting valine for glutamic acid in b-globin a transversion mutation from G to C, substituting glutamic acid for valine in a-globin a frameshift mutation of one ATC codon, removing glutamic acid from b-globinarrow_forwardSelect all the possible mutation types for the following observed phenotype resulting from a mutation in a coding gene: A protein is made in normal amount, has a regular shape, but is expressed in the wrong cells. a up promoter mutation a non conservative missense mutation an in-frame insertion of 2 amino acids a down promoter mutationarrow_forward
- The attached table below shows the reference and a diseased patient's DMD genes in the hip flexor which, if mutated, can cause muscular dystophy. Analyze the table, make the coding strand, and explain how and which mutation in the patien's genes caused muscular dystrophyarrow_forwardYou have a patient in your clinic presenting symptoms of cystic fibrosis. You screen their CFTR gene for mutations, and find the following list: CFTR 320 L V CFTR 341 S W CFTR 528 E D CFTR 976 F Q CFTR 1235 S R Which mutation(s) are likely causing cystic fibrosis in this patient? You also sequence a newborn family member of this patient. They have all of these same mutations, other than the one at position 976, and no other mutations in CFTR. Do you predict this person will develop cystic fibrosis? Explain why.arrow_forward2. A reversion is a mutation that returns a mutant codon back to a codon that gives a wild-type phenotype. At the DNA level, this type of mutation can be an exact reversion or an equivalent reversion. GAG First GTG Exact GAG (glutamic acid) mutation (valine) reversion (glutamic acid) GAG - GTG First Equivalent (valine) reversion GAA (glutamic acid) mutation (glutamic acid) GAG First GTG Equivalent - GAT (glutamic acid) mutation (valine) reversion (aspartic acid) An equivalent reversion produces a protein that is equivalent to the wild type in structure and function. This can occur in two ways. In some cases, the reversion produces the wild-type amino acid (in this case, glutamic acid), but it uses a different codon than the wild-type gene. Alternatively. an equivalent reversion may substitute an amino acid structurally similar to the wild-type amino acid. In our example, an equivalent reversion has changed valine to an aspartic acid. Because aspartic and glutamic acids are structurally…arrow_forward
- Mutations that eliminate the function of a protein are generally associated with: missense changes in a small number of codons in a gene mutations creating UGA, UAA or UAG sequences in introns base pair changes that occur within the promoter of a gene activating mutations in proto-oncogenes that cause growth mutations in tumor suppressor genes that lead to cancer A scientist is doing a PCR experiment where she is using PCR primers where the 5' ends have a radioactive phosphorus atom (33P) on them. After performing 30 cycles of amplification, where will the radioactivity be found? Assume that the polymerase used has no exonuclease activity. choose one or more1-free nucleotides2-unused primers3-in the PCR products When you send your saliva sample to 23andMe, they: identify the bases at one of over half a million places in your genome break the DNA using special enzymes and measure the sizes on gels…arrow_forwardIn humans, the AMY1 gene produces the enzyme amylase in cells of the salivary glands. Amylase breaks down starch (a polysaccharide) into the sugar maltose (a disaccharide). People from cultures with diets high in starch produce more amylase than people from cultures with diets low in starch because of a mutation in the AMY1 gene. Explain in two to three sentences why the frequency of this AMY1 mutation would have increased in frequency in populations with a high starch diet.arrow_forwardOriginal DNA Sequence: TACAC CTTGG CGACGACT... MRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Mutated DNA Sequence #5 TACACCTT G G GACGACT... (Highlight the change) What's the mRNA sequence? What will be the amino acid sequence? Will there likely be effects? What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait? 2. Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequence? 3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? NOarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY