Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 6RQ
Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care providers be concerned?
- Pathogenic bacteria could introduce disease-causing genes in non-pathogenic bacteria
- Antibiotic resistance genes could be introduced to new bacteria to create “superbugs. ”
- Bacteriophages could spread DNA encoding toxins to new bacteria
- All of the above.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 14 - Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results...Ch. 14 - If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it...Ch. 14 - The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped...Ch. 14 - Bacterial transformation is a major concern in...Ch. 14 - DNA double helix does not have which of the...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?...Ch. 14 - Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA...Ch. 14 - If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC,...
Ch. 14 - How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and...Ch. 14 - Which of the following components is not involved...Ch. 14 - Which of the following does the enzyme primase...Ch. 14 - In which direction does DNA replication take...Ch. 14 - A scientist randomly mutates the DNA of a...Ch. 14 - The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 14 - During proofreading, which of the following...Ch. 14 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 14 - A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a...Ch. 14 - Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What...Ch. 14 - Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used...Ch. 14 - When Chargaffwas performing his experiments, the...Ch. 14 - Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing...Ch. 14 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 14 - Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome...Ch. 14 - How did the scientific community learn that DNA...Ch. 14 - Imagine the Meselson and Stahl experiments had...Ch. 14 - DNA replication is bidirectional and...Ch. 14 - What are Okazaki fragments and how they are...Ch. 14 - If the rate of replication in a particular...Ch. 14 - Explain the events taking place at the replication...Ch. 14 - What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?...Ch. 14 - Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections...Ch. 14 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 14 - What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch...Ch. 14 - An adult with a history of tanning has his genome...
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- One of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forwardMany microbes (as well as other organisms) produce antibiotics. A natural compound produced by one organism that inhibits or kills another unrelated organism is commonly defined as an antibiotic. Thousands of antibiotics have been identified and characterized. Antibiotics prevent virtually every step in the Central Dogma of bacteria. Rifampicin, for example, inhibits transcription while streptomycin inhibits translation. However, no antibiotic has ever been discovered that directly affects DNA replication by inhibiting the action of DNA polymerases. "Why not?"arrow_forwardIn which of the four processes shown can material from a bacterial genome be transferred from one cell to another? Which are forms of horizontal transmission? Place the answer(s) in the cell highlighting that process. Partial genome transfer by DNA uptake Transformation Answer Bank material from a bacterial genome horizontal gene transfer Conjugation Plasmids Conjugation Genome Plasmid transfer during conjugation Partial genome transfer during conjugation Virus Transduction Transfer as part of viral genomearrow_forward
- Bacterial conjugation has medical consequences. For example, certain plasmids contain genes that code for toxins. The causative agent of a deadly form of food poisoning, E. coli 0157, synthesizes a toxin that causes massive bloody diarrhea and kidney failure. This toxin is now believed to have originated in Shigella, another bacterium that causes dysentery. Similarly, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance is partly attributable to the spread of antibioticresistant genes among bacterial populations. Antibiotic resistance develops because antibiotics are overused in medical practice and in livestock feeds. Suggest a mechanism by which this extensive use promotes antibiotic resistance.arrow_forwardThe properties that all plasmids share are that they1. all carry genes for antimicrobial resistance.2. are self-transmissible to other bacteria.3. always occur in multiple copies in the cells.4. code for non-essential functions.5. replicate in the cells in which they are found.a) 1, 2 b) 2, 3 c) 3, 4 d) 4, 5 e) 1, 5arrow_forwardWhen an E. coli donor cell duplicates a strand of plasmid DNA, and passes this DNA strand to a recipient E. coli cell, without the use of naked DNA in solution or of a viral vector, this is: an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lysogenic bacteriophages an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lytic bacteriophages an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transformation an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transduction an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of conjugationarrow_forward
- The clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is like a bacterial adaptive immune system. After a bacteria is infected by a bacteriophage, CRISPR prevents the same type of phage from infecting the cell in the future by... integrating a phage DNA fragment into the chromosome, and transcribing it into a short RNA that binds a Cas nuclease to target and destroy invading phage DNA. modifying the attachment sites on the cell so the phage can't bind. O recognizing a molecule on the phage's surface and secreting a protein that prevents the phage from binding to the cell. recognizing a protein on the phage's surface and secreting an enzyme that destroys the phage.arrow_forwardIn Figure 5-2, in which of the four processes shown can acomplete bacterial genome be transferred from one cellto another?arrow_forwardRecent scientific studies show that the plasmid plays a vital role in gene transfer not only in the field of bacteriology but microbiology on the whole. Give a detailed account of how bacterial gene transfer can be carried out as Medical Laboratory Scientist.arrow_forward
- Drug resistance in a population of bacteria is inevitable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT.. O Bacteria share genetic material through gene transfer mechanisms of conjugation, transformation and transduction. OBacteria quorum sensing leads to the activation of drug resistant genes. O Bacterial drug resistance genes generally have inducible promoters that are activated when the drug is present. Bacteria mutate rapidly because of radiation and chemical mutagens.arrow_forwardPlease help understandarrow_forwardE. coli Hfr cells can transfer genes to F cells. can form sex pili (F pili). typically do not transfer their entire genome during conjugation. carry the F plasmid in their chromosome. All of the abovearrow_forward
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