Chapter 13, Problem 13.90EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “pyruvate is the final product for glycolysis” concerning glucose metabolic pathways is true or false.

Concept introduction: Pyruvate $\left({\text{CH}}_3{\text{COCOO}}^{-}\right)$ is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid $\left({\text{CH}}_3\text{COCOOH}\right)$. Pyruvate molecule contains three carbon atoms, therefore, it is a ${\text{C}}_3$ molecule.

A product is defined as the substance that is formed after the completion of a chemical reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “lactate is the final product for gluconeogenesis” concerning glucose metabolic pathways is true or false.

Concept introduction: Lactate is the conjugate base of lactic acid. The structure of lactate is as follows:

A product is defined as the substance that is formed after the completion of a chemical reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glycogen is the final product for glycogenolysis” concerning glucose metabolic pathways is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{12}{\text{O}}_6$. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

A product is defined as the substance that is formed after the completion of a chemical reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “$\text{glucose 6}-\text{phosphate}$ is the final product for glycogenesis” concerning glucose metabolic pathways is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{12}{\text{O}}_6$. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

A product is defined as the substance that is formed after the completion of a chemical reaction.