Chapter 13, Problem 13.78EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of the product for the alkene addition reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.

In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,

Halogenation is an example of addition reaction. In this reaction, a halogen molecule is incorporated into the molecules of organic compound. Halogenation of alkene results in the formation of dihaloalkane, where both carbon atoms bonded by double bond gets halogen atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of the product for the alkene addition reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.

In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,

Hydrohalogenation is an example of addition reaction. In this reaction, a hydrogen halide molecule is incorporated into the molecules of organic compound. Hydrohalogenation of alkene results in the formation of haloalkane, where one carbon atom gets hydrogen atom added and the other carbon atom gets halogen group added to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of the product for the alkene addition reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.

In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,

Hydrogenation is an example of addition reaction. In this reaction, a hydrogen molecule is incorporated into the molecules of organic compound. Hydrogenation of alkene results in the formation of alcohol, where both carbon atoms bonded by double bond gets hydrogen atom. This reaction requires a metal as catalyst.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of the product for the alkene addition reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.

In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,

Hydration is an example of addition reaction. In this reaction, a water molecule is incorporated into the molecules of organic compound. Hydration of alkene results in the formation of alcohol, where one carbon atom gets hydrogen atom added and the other carbon atom gets hydroxyl group added to it. This reaction requires a small amount of sulphuric acid as catalyst.