The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7. Concept Introduction: Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula. Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water. Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density. Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature. When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 13.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 13.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 13.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 13.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.63EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.

Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.

Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.

Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.

When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure with the help of Figure 13-7.

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