The major product that will be formed when propene reacts with hydrogen chloride has to be identified based on Markovnikov’s rule from the given options. Concept Introduction: Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction. In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below, Addition reactions can be classified broadly into two types. They are asymmetrical addition reaction and symmetrical addition reaction. Symmetrical addition reactions is the one in which the same atom or same group of atoms are added across the carbon‑carbon multiple bonds. Unsymmetrical addition reactions is the one in which the different atom or different group of atoms are added across the carbon‑carbon multiple bonds. Markovnikov’s rule: When an unsymmetrical molecule of formula HQ to an unsymmeterical alkene, the hydrogen atom from HQ gets attached to the unsaturated carbon atom which has the most hydrogen atoms. In other words, it can be said that the hydrogen atom gets attached to the unsaturated carbon atom that is least substituted.

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Chapter 13.10, Problem 5QQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product that will be formed when propene reacts with hydrogen chloride has to be identified based on Markovnikov’s rule from the given options.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.

In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,

Addition reactions can be classified broadly into two types. They are asymmetrical addition reaction and symmetrical addition reaction.

Symmetrical addition reactions is the one in which the same atom or same group of atoms are added across the carbon‑carbon multiple bonds.

Unsymmetrical addition reactions is the one in which the different atom or different group of atoms are added across the carbon‑carbon multiple bonds.

Markovnikov’s rule:

When an unsymmetrical molecule of formula HQ to an unsymmeterical alkene, the hydrogen atom from HQ gets attached to the unsaturated carbon atom which has the most hydrogen atoms. In other words, it can be said that the hydrogen atom gets attached to the unsaturated carbon atom that is least substituted.

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For a titration of 40.00 mL of 0.0500 M oxalic acid H2C2O4 with 0.1000 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin;2) 15 mL; 3) 20 mL; 4) 25 mL; 5) 40 mL; 6) 50 mL. Ka1 = 5.90×10^-2, Ka2 = 6.50×10^-5 for oxalic acid.

Predict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.