Chapter 13, Problem 13.33EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the given compound has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-4}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.33EP

Molecular formula of the compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$..

Explanation of Solution

Given structure is,

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has six intersections and two end points.  Therefore, there is a total of eight carbon atoms.  The given compound is found to have one double bond in it.  The molecular formula for the given compound can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula of alkene that contain a single double bond as shown below,

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\left(\text{2*8}\right)}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}\end{array}$

The molecular formula of the given compound is identified as ${\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$.

Conclusion

The molecular formula for the given structure is identified.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the given compound has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-4}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.33EP

Molecular formula of the compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$..

Explanation of Solution

Given structure is,

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has six intersections and two end points.  Therefore, there is a total of eight carbon atoms.  The given compound is found to have one double bond in it.  The molecular formula for the given compound can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula of alkene that contain a single double bond as shown below,

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\left(\text{2*8}\right)}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}\end{array}$

The molecular formula of the given compound is identified as ${\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{16}}$.

Conclusion

The molecular formula for the given structure is identified.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the given compound has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-4}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.33EP

Molecular formula of the compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{14}}$..

Explanation of Solution

Given structure is,

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has six intersections and two end points.  Therefore, there is a total of eight carbon atoms.  The given compound is found to have two double bonds in it.  The molecular formula for the given compound can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula of alkene that contain two double bonds as shown below,

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\left(\text{2*8}\right)-2}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{14}}\end{array}$

The molecular formula of the given compound is identified as ${\text{C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{14}}$.

Conclusion

The molecular formula for the given structure is identified.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the given compound has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.  Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements.  The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.

Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories.  They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.  The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that do not contain a ring of carbon atoms but a chain of carbon atoms with carbon‑carbon single bonds.  The general molecular formula for alkanes is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$.  “n” is the number of carbon atoms present.  Some of the basic examples of alkanes are methane (${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$), ethane (${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$).  Cycloalkanes have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.

Alkenes and cycloalkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure.  The general molecular formula for alkene with one double bond is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$.  Alkene with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with one double bond have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}$.  Cycloalkenes with two double bonds have the general molecular formula as ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-4}}$.

Answer to Problem 13.33EP

Molecular formula of the compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{10}}{\text{H}}_{\text{18}}$..

Explanation of Solution

Given structure is,

Carbon atoms are present at the intersection and at the end points.  The above structure has six intersections and four end points.  Therefore, there is a total of ten carbon atoms.  The given compound is found to have two double bonds in it.  The molecular formula for the given compound can be found by substituting in the general molecular formula of alkene that contain two double bonds as shown below,

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n-2}}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{10}}{\text{H}}_{\left(\text{2*10}\right)-2}\\ {\text{C}}_{\text{10}}{\text{H}}_{\text{18}}\end{array}$

The molecular formula of the given compound is identified as ${\text{C}}_{\text{10}}{\text{H}}_{\text{18}}$.

Conclusion

The molecular formula for the given structure is identified.