The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases. Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.69CP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing two bromines that are not on the same carbon has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one hydrogen atom at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

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To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Question: although S, K, and D are involved in the catalysis, the E in this hexapeptide does not participate in the hydrolysis of the b-lactam ring. Why is that?

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. a) Using the experimental results described below deduce the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. please help!

The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.69CP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing two bromines that are not on the same carbon has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one hydrogen atom at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.69CP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing two bromines that are not on the same carbon has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one hydrogen atom at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.69CP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing two bromines that are not on the same carbon has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one hydrogen atom at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.69CP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing two bromines that are not on the same carbon has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one hydrogen atom at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.69CP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.69CP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing only one bromine has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one H at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all Hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing two bromines that are not on the same carbon has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one hydrogen atom at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible products containing two bromines that are not on the same carbon has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Free radical stability: As the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases.

Selectivity determining step: The selectivity determining step is the breakage of the C-H bond by a halogen radical. Only one hydrogen atom at a time is replaced, if allowed to react for a long enough time, all hydrogen atoms will be replaced with halogens.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 12.2 - Locate and identify the functional groups in (a)...Ch. 12.2 - Draw structures for molecules that fit the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3P Ch. 12.3 - There are two branched-chain isomers with the...Ch. 12.4 - Draw the following three isomers of C5H12 as...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.7P Ch. 12.4 - Draw both condensed and line structures for the...Ch. 12.5 - Which of the following structures represent the...Ch. 12.5 - Are the pairs of compounds shown below the same...

Solution Summary: The author explains that as the number of carbon substituents increases, the stability of the free radical increases. The homolytic cleavage of bromine molecule produces two free highly reactive chlorine radicals.

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