The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group. Concept Introduction: Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple: It follows the following guide line: Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line. Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom. Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown. Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have. Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity. Ketone : A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group. Alkene : Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds. Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain a functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Functional group:

An atom or group of atoms which has physical and chemical properties is known as functional group.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain a functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Functional group:

An atom or group of atoms which has physical and chemical properties is known as functional group.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain a functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Functional group:

An atom or group of atoms which has physical and chemical properties is known as functional group.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain a functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Functional group:

An atom or group of atoms which has physical and chemical properties is known as functional group.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain a functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Functional group:

An atom or group of atoms which has physical and chemical properties is known as functional group.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain a functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Functional group:

An atom or group of atoms which has physical and chemical properties is known as functional group.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The model structure has to be converted into line drawing along with identification of Functional Group.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure is a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represents a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Functional group: Organic compounds can be classified into various families according to the functional groups they contain a functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of a group of atoms that has characteristic structure and chemical reactivity.

Functional group:

An atom or group of atoms which has physical and chemical properties is known as functional group.

Ketone: A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is the ketone functional group.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Ether: A class of organic compounds, where oxygen is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 12.2 - Locate and identify the functional groups in (a)...Ch. 12.2 - Draw structures for molecules that fit the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3P Ch. 12.3 - There are two branched-chain isomers with the...Ch. 12.4 - Draw the following three isomers of C5H12 as...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.7P Ch. 12.4 - Draw both condensed and line structures for the...Ch. 12.5 - Which of the following structures represent the...Ch. 12.5 - Are the pairs of compounds shown below the same...

Solution Summary: The author explains that line structure is a quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

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Chapter 12 Solutions