Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 3RQ
Describe the basic principles of gene amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). How have thermophilic and hyperthermophilic prokaryotes simplified the use of PCR?
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Why is it important to use a hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase in PCR?
a) Because only hyperthermophiles have DNA polymerases.
b) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist the saline reaction conditions.
c) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is faster than other polymerases.
d) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist denaturation at 95℃.
Metagenomics has revolutionized our understanding of the microbial world by allowing the study of organisms that had been impossible to
culture. Understanding the Lokiarchaeota required metagenomics analysis, which has also led to the identification of the eukaryotic signature
genes in other environments. The terms below relate to genes and genetic analysis. Drag each term to the correct description.
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Homologous
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and that has a different function (this occurs through gene duplication)
: the study of genetic material from an environmental sample
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: a group of organisms in a phylogeny that have a common ancestor
: a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor
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and that has the same function
: a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor
: a gene that…
PCR has many useful applications. However, an incorrect application of PCR is:
a) Amplification of any gene of interest from genomic DNA
b) Screening various foods for genes that are typical in genetically modified
organisms
c) Identification of microbial DNA in a sample (viral or bacterial)
d) Amplification of any protein of interest
Chapter 11 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.3 - Why is a primer needed at each end of the DNA...Ch. 11.3 - MINIQUIZ
• From which organisms are thermostable...Ch. 11.3 - How does RT-PCR differ from traditional PCR?Ch. 11.4 - What is the purpose of molecular cloning?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3MQ
Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.5 - How can site-directed mutagenesis be useful to...Ch. 11.5 - What are knockout mutations?Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.9 - MINIQUIZ
• Describe the components needed for an...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.11 - What major advantage does cloning mammalian genes...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.13 - Give an example of a genetically modified plant...Ch. 11.13 - How have transgenic salmon been engineered to...Ch. 11.14 - Explain why recombinant vaccines might be safer...Ch. 11.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.15 - Explain why metagenomic cloning gives large...Ch. 11.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.16 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.17 - What are biobricks?Ch. 11.17 - How was Escherichia coli modified to produce a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Describe the basic principles of gene...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4RQCh. 11 - Prob. 5RQCh. 11 - Prob. 6RQCh. 11 - Prob. 7RQCh. 11 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
8. What is a reporter gene?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9RQCh. 11 - Prob. 10RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11RQCh. 11 - Prob. 12RQCh. 11 - Prob. 13RQCh. 11 - Prob. 14RQCh. 11 - Prob. 15RQCh. 11 - Prob. 16RQCh. 11 - Prob. 17RQCh. 11 - What is the Ti plasmid and how has it been of use...Ch. 11 - What is a subunit vaccine and why are subunit...Ch. 11 - How has metagenomics been used to find novel...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21RQCh. 11 - Prob. 22RQCh. 11 - Prob. 1AQCh. 11 - Suppose you have just determined the DNA base...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3AQCh. 11 - Prob. 4AQ
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- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) works by exposing the reaction to a series of temperature changes. In 150 words or fewer, describe 1.) the different stages of a single PCR cycle, 2.) how many cycles of PCR your reactions will undergo, and 3.) why multiple cycles are necessary.arrow_forwardRestriction enzymes Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a) occur naturally in many bacteria b) are proteins c) both a and b d. d) none of the above a. C.arrow_forwardWhat are the reagents used for Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Reverse Transcriptase–Real time–PCR (RT-qPCR)?arrow_forward
- Quantitative PCR differs from regular PCR in that it uses [A] to [B] the amount of [C] in a sample. It cannot quantify [D] unless it is first made into [F]. Match each of the following to its appropriate letter: quantify, cDNA, RNA, DNA or RNA, fluorescence. 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E Here are the choices for the questions a) quantify b) RNA c) cDNA d) fluorescence e) DNA or RNAarrow_forwardPlease answer fastarrow_forwardWhat makes the species of Agrobacterium ideal for genetic engineering? Describe its characteristics and its role in producing transgenic plants.arrow_forward
- Jackson Wang is a biologist working with the genetics of a thermophilic bacterium. He cloned a heat shock gene from the bacteria for further analysis. After cloning, he isolated the plasmid carrying his gene of interest for sequencing. Jackson finally received the nucleotide sequence of his gene. Explain in detail how he could verify whether the nucleotide sequence matches his gene of interest using the bioinformatics databases available.arrow_forwardWhat is PCR? why is it important for the manufacture of drugs? How is it used in forensic science?arrow_forwardWhere is the key difference between the reactions that result in the final product of fermentation to form lactic acid or alcohol? What is the significance of these differences in terms of biotechnology?arrow_forward
- Why is the DNA polymerase used in PCR derived from an extreme thermophile bacteria species rather than a mesophile bacteria species? (be sure to describe the mesophile DNA polymerase as well as the extreme thermophile DNA polymerase.)arrow_forwardWhat is PCR bias? Why is it undesirable?arrow_forwardBriefly explain how the polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. What are some of the limitations of PCR?arrow_forward
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