HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781265382353
Author: Fox
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 11, Problem 24RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The role of the pituitary-adrenal axis in response to stress and its effects on the body.
Introduction:
The pituitary-adrenal axis is the relation between the anterior pituitary gland and the adrenal gland and this axis is stimulated by the hypothalamus stimulating or inhibitory hormones secretion. Stress plays a vital role in disrupting homeostasis of the body as both short-term and long-term stress cause changes in the normal body function. Certain hormones are released during stress in order to prepare the body to overcome the situation.
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When we perceive a stressful event or situation, our brain enhances our initial stress response by activating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Which of the following does NOT occur as part of the HPA pathway?
A) The hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system by stimulating the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B) The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
C) The pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
D) The adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoid hormones into the bloodstream.
Describe the “adrenaline rush” pathway during short-term stress. Identify the hormones produced by the adrenal medulla. What are the target organs of each hormone and the effects of each hormone on their target organs? What is the stimulus for an adrenaline rush?
What is the physiological explanation for the negative effects of prolonged stress on health? Talk about stress hormone.
Chapter 11 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
Ch. 11 - Compare the four chemical classes of hormones with...Ch. 11 - Define prohormone and prehormone, and give...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 3CPCh. 11 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 5aCP
Ch. 11 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 11 - List the hormones secreted by the anterior...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 11 - Describe the structure of the thyroid gland and...Ch. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormones are produced and how...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 11 - Describe the location of the parathyroid glands...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 11 - Describe how insulin and glucagon secretion are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13CPCh. 11 - Prob. 14CPCh. 11 - Explain the nature of autocrine regulation. How...Ch. 11 - List some of the paracrine regulators produced by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 16bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 1RACh. 11 - Prob. 2RACh. 11 - Which of these statements about the adrenal cortex...Ch. 11 - Which of these statements about the hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5RACh. 11 - Prob. 6RACh. 11 - Prob. 7RACh. 11 - Prob. 8RACh. 11 - Steroid hormones arc secreted by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACh. 11 - Prob. 11RACh. 11 - Prob. 12RACh. 11 - Prob. 13RACh. 11 - Which of these hormones may have a primary role in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15RACh. 11 - What do insulin-like growth factors,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17RACh. 11 - Prob. 18RACh. 11 - Prob. 19RACh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21RACh. 11 - Prob. 22RACh. 11 - Prob. 23RACh. 11 - Prob. 24RACh. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormone secretion is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26RACh. 11 - Prob. 27RACh. 11 - Prob. 28RACh. 11 - Prob. 29RACh. 11 - Prob. 30RACh. 11 - Prob. 31RACh. 11 - Prob. 32RACh. 11 - Prob. 33RACh. 11 - Distinguish between the genomic and nongenomic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 35RACh. 11 - Diabetics who require insulin injections can...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37RACh. 11 - Prob. 38RACh. 11 - Prob. 39RACh. 11 - Prob. 40RA
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain how the adrenal cortex is involved in the stress response.arrow_forwardHow can epinephrine coordinate a response to stress that involves widely varying effects in individual tissues?arrow_forwardCortisol stops HPA from continuing to release cortisol and continueing to stomulate sympathetic system. Why do adrenal glands continue to release cortisol during chronic stress? a) because hypothalamus is no longer sensitive b) chronic stress is continually activating hypothealamys c) cortisol doesnt stop HPA from being activated d) none of thesearrow_forward
- Describe the sequence of events when steroid or thyroid hormones bind to their receptors.arrow_forwardIf a patient is hypoglycemic, which of the following physiological processes will occur in an attempt to correct this situation? A). ACTH will be released by the posterior pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal gland, B).glucocorticoid will be released by the adrenal cortex and increase serum glucose levels, C). mineralcorticoids will be released by the adrenal cortex and potentiate catecholamine effects, D). epinephrine will be secreted by the adrenal cortex in an attempt to increase blood serum glucose levels.arrow_forwardDraw a table to differentiate Nervous System from the Endocrine System in terms of the following: 1. Molecules released 2. Site of action 3. Types of target cells 4. Onset of action 5. Duration of actionarrow_forward
- Elevated levels of cortisol have been shown to reduce areas of the hippocampus in the brain resulting in short term memory loss in older adults.(source: Sonia J. Lupien et al. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69–73 [1998])Exposure to long-term stress results in elevated levels of cortisol in adults. Over time, cortisol may have detrimental effects on your health.Determine the effect below that is NOT a result of long-term stress.arrow_forwardElevated levels of cortisol have been shown to reduce areas of the hippocampus in the brain resulting in short term memory loss in older adults. (source: Sonia J. Lupien et al. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69-73 [1998]) Exposure to long-term stress results in elevated levels of cortisol in adults. Over time, cortisol may have detrimental effects on your health. Determine the effect below that is NOT a result of long-term stress. Select one: O a. Blood pressure is elevated. O b. The body is more prone to infections. c. The breathing rate increases. Od. Blood sugar levels are elevated. Clear my choicearrow_forwardList the Control Systems involving the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland?arrow_forward
- Discuss the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the body's response to emotional stress, including the hormonal cascade involved and the physiological effects.arrow_forwardRelate the short-term stress response and the roles of norepinephrine and the adrenal glands to the sympathetic nervous system.arrow_forwardThe feedback pathway for the long-term stress hormone is shown below. Hypothalamus → Releasing Hormone → Gland 1 - → Hormone 1- Gland 2 – Hormone 2 Some Endocrine Structures and Hormones 1. Posterior pituitary 2. Anterior pituitary 3. ADH 4. ACTH 5. Adrenal medulla 6. Adrenal cortex 7. Cortisol 8. Epinephrine Select the number of the structure from the list above that corresponds to the gland or hormone in the long-term stress hormone release pathway. Gland 1 Hormone 1 Gland 2 Hormone 2arrow_forward
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