HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781265382353
Author: Fox
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 11, Problem 40RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The range of the values of insulin release when a person is having impaired glucose tolerance with insulin sensitivity greater than normal.
Introduction:
Diabetes is a condition where the blood glucose levels are higher than the normal range. Type I diabetes is caused due to improper secretion of insulin from beta-pancreatic cells. Type II diabetes occurs due to cell resistance toward insulin effects and results in the accumulation of glucose in the blood.
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In addition to symptoms of diabetes, all the following are criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association for use in the
diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus EXCEPT:
O Random plasma glucose concentration > 180 mg/dL.
O Fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL.
O 2-Hour glucose > 200 mg/dL during a 2 hour post prandial glucose test
O Hemoglobin A1C > 6.5%
Identify:
The mechanism of action for insulin
The types of insulin
The peak time for each insulin
When each insulin is prescribed
While insulin levels are primarily regulated by blood glucose, other factors are also able to influence insulin levels. Briefly describe the major positive and negative factors.
Chapter 11 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIO W/ APR & PHILS (LL) PKG
Ch. 11 - Compare the four chemical classes of hormones with...Ch. 11 - Define prohormone and prehormone, and give...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 3CPCh. 11 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 5aCP
Ch. 11 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 11 - List the hormones secreted by the anterior...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 11 - Describe the structure of the thyroid gland and...Ch. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormones are produced and how...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 11 - Describe the location of the parathyroid glands...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 11 - Describe how insulin and glucagon secretion are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13CPCh. 11 - Prob. 14CPCh. 11 - Explain the nature of autocrine regulation. How...Ch. 11 - List some of the paracrine regulators produced by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 16bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 1RACh. 11 - Prob. 2RACh. 11 - Which of these statements about the adrenal cortex...Ch. 11 - Which of these statements about the hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5RACh. 11 - Prob. 6RACh. 11 - Prob. 7RACh. 11 - Prob. 8RACh. 11 - Steroid hormones arc secreted by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACh. 11 - Prob. 11RACh. 11 - Prob. 12RACh. 11 - Prob. 13RACh. 11 - Which of these hormones may have a primary role in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15RACh. 11 - What do insulin-like growth factors,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17RACh. 11 - Prob. 18RACh. 11 - Prob. 19RACh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21RACh. 11 - Prob. 22RACh. 11 - Prob. 23RACh. 11 - Prob. 24RACh. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormone secretion is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26RACh. 11 - Prob. 27RACh. 11 - Prob. 28RACh. 11 - Prob. 29RACh. 11 - Prob. 30RACh. 11 - Prob. 31RACh. 11 - Prob. 32RACh. 11 - Prob. 33RACh. 11 - Distinguish between the genomic and nongenomic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 35RACh. 11 - Diabetics who require insulin injections can...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37RACh. 11 - Prob. 38RACh. 11 - Prob. 39RACh. 11 - Prob. 40RA
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- For both T1DM and T2DM, describe the following: Causes Symptoms Treatments Glucose levels Insulin levels Insulin receptor sensitivity Also please discuss the cause/effect relationship between acute and chronic stress (chronic disease or homelessness, for instance) and T1DM and T2DM. What is the mechanism by which the nervous system impacts stress hormones? Are there neurotransmitters involved? Which neurotransmitters? Which stress hormones?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding Storage Instructions for Insulin (select all what applies): All unopened vials or pen devices should be stored in the refrigerator. Commercially available insulins are stable at room temperature for 28 days. Fibrils are insoluble precipitates of insulin aggregates that have the same biological activity. Storage of opened insulin vials at -20°C extends the expiration date to 4 monthsarrow_forwardDescribe the steps to follow when injecting insulin using an insulin pen.arrow_forward
- Discuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and explain the reasons for the sign/symptoms seen in diabetes. ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Type 1 - causes ,incidence Type 2 - cause, incidence Lack of insulin to blood glucose levels rise ( hyperglycaemia e.g. 20mmol/or more); glucose can not move into cells to provide energy for metabolic reactions. Link to symptoms, e.g. tiredness, hunger. Glucose excreted in urine ( exceeds renal threshold). Link to polyuria,thirst,dehydration - protein broken down to form more glucose (gluconeogenesis): provides energy to cells. -Link Fats broken down to FFA and glycerol for glucose production (gluconeogenesis). Link to weight loss. Link excess ketone bodies formed from fat break down to ketoacidosis. Link to ketone in urine (ketonuria), vomiting, coma.arrow_forwardIf a person has a 50% reduction in insulin sensitivity, what happens to insulin release for the person to remain in the normal curve?If a person has a 50% increase in insulin sensitivity, what happens to insulin release for the person to remain in the normal curve?A person has impaired glucose tolerance despite having an insulin secretion 50% greater than normal.What range of values must be true of the person’s insulin sensitivity?A person has impaired glucose tolerance despite having an insulin sensitivity 50% greater thanaverage. What range of values must be true of the person’s insulin release?arrow_forwardSelect the FOUR statements below that describe an individual who does not require insulin injections (insulin independent). Please explain. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to decreased blood glucose levels. Urine samples indicate high levels of glucose. Urine samples indicate no glucose. Muscle, liver cells, and adipose tissue are permeable to glucose. Muscle, liver, cells and adipose tissue are impermeable to glucose. Water excretion is normal. Extra water is excreted.arrow_forward
- Describe the mechanism of action of insulin. Based on the MOA, when would insulin be contraindicated?arrow_forwardWhy is injecting insulin an essential part of the daily regime for most people with diabetes?arrow_forwardThis is a question assigned after reading the case study available here https://sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu/files/statins.pdf HMG CoA reductase is activated by insulin signaling, and inhibited by glucagon signaling. Explain why insulin resistance and type II diabetes often are accompanied by elevated cholesterol levels.arrow_forward
- Which type of insulin can never be combined with any other insulin:arrow_forwardGive the most accurate explanation for why it is not possible to treat type 1 diabetes co-drug in tablet form. Choose an alternative: Drugs for type 1 diabetes can not be prepared in tablet form Drugs for type 1 diabetes must be given in such large doses that the tablets would become too large Drugs for type 1 diabetes are broken down in the gastrointestinal tract Type 1 diabetes is treated with Lifestyle Advice Drugs for type 1 diabetes have no shelf life in tablet formarrow_forwardWhat units is insulin dosing ordered in?arrow_forward
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