Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 11, Problem 11.76E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The total electronic energy of a mole of hydrogen atoms is to be calculated. The total electronic energy of a mole of
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2. Explain why the emission of light energy of lower energy in fluorescence is not a viola-
tion of the law of conservation of energy.
105
H2.
A system contains 20 atoms, each of which can only have zero or one quanta of energy. How many ways can you arrange 10 quanta of energy in this system?
When a hydrogen atom absorbs a photon of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), the internal energy of the atom increases and one or more electrons may be energized into an excited state. The release of this extra energy as the excited state electron transitions back to a lower energy state results in the emission of a photon. These energy changes are responsible for the emission spectrum of hydrogen (shown below) and are described by the Bohr equation. delta?=−2.178×10−18 J(1?2final−1?2initial)ΔE=−2.178×10−18 J(1nfinal2−1ninitial2)
*refer to attached image before proceeding*
To ionize a hydrogen atom (forming a hydrogen ion), requires that the energy absorbed is sufficient to send the energized electron an infinite distance away from the nucleus (as shown by the ionization line in the image above). In other words, nfinal is equal to infinity.
Calculate the energy required to ionize a ground state hydrogen atom. Report your answer in kilojoules.
delta E= ____kJ
What is the longest…
Chapter 11 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 11 - Convert 3.558mdyn/A into units of N/m.Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.3ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.4ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.5ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.6ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.7ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.8ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.9ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.10E
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.11ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.12ECh. 11 - a For a pendulum having classical frequency of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.14ECh. 11 - The OH bond in water vibrates at a frequency of...Ch. 11 - Show that 2 and 3 for the harmonic oscillator are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.17ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.18ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.19ECh. 11 - Use the expression for 1 in equations 11.17 and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.21ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.22ECh. 11 - Consider Figure 11.4 and choose the correct...Ch. 11 - Based on the trend shown in Figure 11.5, draw the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.25ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.26ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.27ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.28ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.29ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.30ECh. 11 - Compare the mass of the electron, me, with a the...Ch. 11 - Reduced mass is not reserved only for atomic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.33ECh. 11 - An OH bond has a frequency of 3650cm1. Using...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.35ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.36ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.37ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.38ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.39ECh. 11 - What are the energies and angular momenta of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.41ECh. 11 - A 25-kg child is on a merry-go-round/calliope,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.43ECh. 11 - a Using the expression for the energy of a 2-D...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.45ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.46ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.47ECh. 11 - The quantized angular momentum is choose one:...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.49ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.50ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.51ECh. 11 - Can you evaluate r for the spherical harmonic Y22?...Ch. 11 - Show that 1,0 and 1,1 for 3-D rotational motion...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.54ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.55ECh. 11 - a Using the he expression for the energy of a 3-D...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.57ECh. 11 - In exercise 11.57 regarding C60, what are the...Ch. 11 - Draw the graphical representations see Figure...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.60ECh. 11 - What is the physical explanation of the difference...Ch. 11 - List the charges on hydrogen-like atoms whose...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.63ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.64ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.65ECh. 11 - Calculate the difference between the Bohr radius...Ch. 11 - To four significant figures, the first four lines...Ch. 11 - What would the wavelengths of the Balmer series...Ch. 11 - Construct an energy level diagram showing all...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.70ECh. 11 - What is the degeneracy of an h subshell? An n...Ch. 11 - What is the numerical value of the total angular...Ch. 11 - What are the values of E, L, and Lz for an F8+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.74ECh. 11 - Why does the wavefunction 4,4,0 not exist?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.76ECh. 11 - What is the probability of finding an electron in...Ch. 11 - What is the probability of finding an electron in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.79ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.80ECh. 11 - State how many radial, angular, and total nodes...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.82ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.83ECh. 11 - Verify the specific value of a, the Bohr radius,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.85ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.86ECh. 11 - Evaluate Lz for 3px, Compare it to the answer in...Ch. 11 - Calculate V for 1s of the H atom and compare it to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.89ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.90ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.91ECh. 11 - Prob. 11.92ECh. 11 - Graph the first five wavefunctions for the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.94ECh. 11 - Set up and evaluate numerically the integral that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.96E
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- Investigating Energy Levels Consider the hypothetical atom X that has one electron like the H atom but has different energy levels. The energies of an electron in an X atom are described by the equation E=RHn3 where RH is the same as for hydrogen (2.179 1018 J). Answer the following questions, without calculating energy values. a How would the ground-state energy levels of X and H compare? b Would the energy of an electron in the n = 2 level of H be higher or lower than that of an electron in the n = 2 level of X? Explain your answer. c How do the spacings of the energy levels of X and H compare? d Which would involve the emission of a higher frequency of light, the transition of an electron in an H atom from the n = 5 to the n = 3 level or a similar transition in an X atom? e Which atom, X or H, would require more energy to completely remove its electron? f A photon corresponding to a particular frequency of blue light produces a transition from the n = 2 to the n = 5 level of a hydrogen atom. Could this photon produce the same transition (n = 12 to n = 5) in an atom of X? Explain.arrow_forwardDo atoms in excited states emit radiation randomly, at any wavelength? Why? What does it mean to say that the hydrogen atom has only certain discrete energy levels available? How do we know this? Why was the quantization of energy levels surprising to scientists when it was first discovered?arrow_forward6.101 Laser welding is a technique in which a tightly focused laser beam is used to deposit enough energy to weld metal parts together. Because the entire process can be automated, it is commonly used in many large-scale industries, including the manufacture of automobiles. In order to achieve the desired weld quality, the steel parts being joined must absorb energy at a rate of about 104 W/mm2. (Recall that 1 W = 1 J/s.) A particular laser welding system employs a Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1.06m ; at this wavelength steel will absorb about 80% of the incident photons. If the laser beam is focused to illuminate a circular spot with a diameter of 0.02 inch, what is the minimum power (in watts) that the laser must emit to reach the 104 W/mm2 threshold? How many photons per second does this correspond to? (For simplicity, assume that the energy from the laser does not penetrate into the metal to any significant depth.)arrow_forward
- Chapter 3 introduced the concept of a double bond between carbon atoms, represented by C=C , with a length near 1.34 Å. The motion of an electron in such a bond can be treated crudely as motion in a one-dimensional box. Calculate the energy of an electron in each of its three lowest allowed states if it is confined to move in a one-dimensional box of length 1.34 Å. Calculate the wavelength of light necessary to excite the electron from its ground state to the first excited state.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between an atom’s ground state and an excited state?arrow_forwardConsider burning ethane gas, C2H6 in oxygen (combustion) forming CO2 and water. (a) How much energy (in J) is produced in the combustion of one molecule of ethane? (b) What is the energy of a photon of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 12.6 nm? (c) Compare your answers for (a) and (b).arrow_forward
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