Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 10, Problem 39QLP
It has long been observed that (a) low pouring temperatures (i.e., low superheat) promote the formation of equiaxed grains over columnar grains and (b) equiaxed grains become finer as the pouring temperature decreases. Explain these two phenomena.
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For sand-casting a steel rectangular plate with dimensions 80mm×120mm×20mm, a cylindrical
riser has to be designed. The height of the riser is equal to its diameter. The total solidification
time for the casting is 2 minutes. In Chvorinov‟s law for the estimation of the total solidification
time, exponent is to be taken as 2. For a solidification time of 3 minutes in the riser, the diameter
(in mm) of the riser is ____
2) Explain the reasons for shrinkage that occurs during solidification of a cylindrical
casting
What do you make for compensation of shrinkage depending on the
casting operation?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 10 - Explain why casting is an important manufacturing...Ch. 10 - Why do most metals shrink when they are cast?Ch. 10 - What are the differences between the...Ch. 10 - What are dendrites? Why are they called so?Ch. 10 - Describe the difference between short and long...Ch. 10 - What is superheat? Is it important? What are the...Ch. 10 - Define shrinkage and porosity. How can you tell...Ch. 10 - What is the function of chills? What are they made...Ch. 10 - Why is the Reynolds number important in casting?Ch. 10 - What is a sprue? What shape should a sprue have if...
Ch. 10 - How is fluidity defined? Why is it important?Ch. 10 - Explain the reasons for hot tearing in castings.Ch. 10 - Why is it important to remove dross or slag during...Ch. 10 - Why is Bernoullis equation important in casting?Ch. 10 - Describe thixocasting and rheocasting.Ch. 10 - What is Chvorinovs Rule?Ch. 10 - How is a blister related to a scab?Ch. 10 - Is there porosity in a chocolate bar? In an ice...Ch. 10 - Describe the stages involved in the contraction of...Ch. 10 - Explain the effects of mold materials on fluid...Ch. 10 - It is known that pouring metal at a high rate into...Ch. 10 - Describe the events depicted in Fig. 10.5.Ch. 10 - Would you be concerned about the fact that...Ch. 10 - Review Fig. 10.8 and make a summary, explaining...Ch. 10 - Make a sketch of volume vs. temperature for a...Ch. 10 - What practical demonstrations can you suggest to...Ch. 10 - Explain why a casting may have to be subjected to...Ch. 10 - List and explain the reasons why porosity can...Ch. 10 - Why does porosity have detrimental effects on the...Ch. 10 - A spoked handwheel is to be cast in gray iron. In...Ch. 10 - Which of the following considerations are...Ch. 10 - Explain why the constant C in Eq. (10.7) depends...Ch. 10 - Are external chills as effective as internal...Ch. 10 - Explain why, as shown in Table 10.1, gray cast...Ch. 10 - Referring to Fig. 10.11, explain why internal...Ch. 10 - Note the shape of the two risers shown in Fig....Ch. 10 - Is there any difference in the tendency for...Ch. 10 - What is the influence of the cross-sectional area...Ch. 10 - It has long been observed that (a) low pouring...Ch. 10 - In casting metal alloys, what would you expect to...Ch. 10 - If you inspect a typical cube of ice, you are...Ch. 10 - How can you tell whether cavities in a casting are...Ch. 10 - Describe the drawbacks to having a riser that is...Ch. 10 - Reproduce Fig. 10.2 for a casting that is...Ch. 10 - List the process variables that affect the...Ch. 10 - Assume that you have a method of measuring...Ch. 10 - A round casting is 0.2 m (7.9 in.) in diameter and...Ch. 10 - A cylinder with a diameter of 2.0 in. and a height...Ch. 10 - The constant C in Chvorinovs rule is given as 2.5...Ch. 10 - Pure copper is poured into a sand mold. The metal...Ch. 10 - For the sprue described in Problem 10.58, what...Ch. 10 - When designing patterns for casting, pattern...Ch. 10 - Can you devise fluidity tests other than that...Ch. 10 - Figure P10.55 indicates various defects and...Ch. 10 - The fluidity test shown in Fig. 10.9 illustrates...Ch. 10 - Utilizing the equipment and materials available in...Ch. 10 - One method of relieving stress concentrations in a...Ch. 10 - Describe the effects on mold design, including the...Ch. 10 - Small amounts of slag often persist after skimming...Ch. 10 - Design an experiment to measure the constants C...
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- When designing patterns for casting, patternmakers use special rulers that automatically incorporate solid shrinkage allowances into their designs. For example, a 12-in. patternmaker’s ruler is longer than 1 foot. How long should a patternmaker’s ruler be for making patterns for (a) aluminum castings and (b) high-manganese steel?arrow_forwardIn casting experiments performed during a certain alloy and type of sand mould it took 155 second for a cube shaped casting to solidify. The cube was 50 mm on a side. (i) Determine the value of the mould constant in Chvorinov's Rule. (ii) If the same alloy and mould type were used, find the total solidification time for cylindrical casting in which the diameter D = 30 mm and length L = 50 mm. %3Darrow_forwardA riser in the shape of a sphere is to be designed for a sand casting mould at Simon Castings. The casting is a rectangular plate, with length = 400 mm, width = 250 mm, and thickness = 15 mm. If the total solidification time of the casting itself is known to be 7 min, determine the diameter of the riser so that it will take 30% longer for the riser to solidify.arrow_forward
- Doarrow_forwardA flat plate is to be cast in an open mold whose bottom has a square shape of 12.5 cm by 12.5 cm. The mold is 7.0 cm deep. A total of 350 cm³ of molten aluminum is poured into the mold. Solidification shrinkage is known to be 6.25%, which is a volumetric contraction, not a linear contraction. Table 7.1 lists the linear shrinkage due to thermal contraction after solidification. If the availability of molten metal in the mold allows the square shape of the cast plate to maintain its square dimension until solidification is completed, determine the final dimensions (width and height) of the plate.arrow_forward(c) A square casting has a volume and surface area equal to 1000 mm³ and 600 mm² respectively, and a cylindrical riser through which the molten metal is poured has a volume and surface area equal to 282 mm³ and 244 mm² respectively. Using Chvorinov's rule, determine whether such a design would avoid shrinkage cavities.arrow_forward
- Answer this broadly.arrow_forwardA riser in the shape of a sphere is to be designed for a sand casting mold. The casting is a rectangular plate, with length = 100 mm, width = 50 mm, and thickness = 10 mm. If the total solidification time of the casting itself is known to be 2.5 min, determine the diameter of the riser so that it will take 20% longer for the riser to solidify. %3D %3!arrow_forwardA 5 cm cube solidifies in 4.6 min. Assume n=2. Calculate (a) the mold constant in Chvorinov’s rule and (b) the solidification time for a 1.25 cm X 12.5 cm X 15 cm bar cast under the same conditionsarrow_forward
- a riser in the shape of a sphere is to be designed for a sand casting mold. the casting is a rectangular plate, with length 200mm, width 100mm, and thickness 18mm. if the total solidification time of the casting itself is known to be 3.5 mm, determine the diameter of the riser so that it will take 25% longer for the riser to solidify. assume a value of 2 for ‘n’ m( the exponent in chvorinov’s rule). know the volume and surface area of a sphere.arrow_forwardWith a solidification factor of 0.97 x 106 s/m², the solidification time (in seconds) for a spherical casting of 200 mm diameter is...arrow_forwardParvinbhaiarrow_forward
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