Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 37QLP
Is there any difference in the tendency for shrinkage void formation in metals with short and long freezing ranges, respectively? Explain.
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Students have asked these similar questions
In casting experiments performed during a certain alloy and
type of sand mould it took 155 second for a cube shaped
casting to solidify. The cube was 50 mm on a side.
(i)
Determine the value of the mould constant in
Chvorinov's Rule.
(ii)
If the same alloy and mould type were used, find the
total solidification time for cylindrical casting in which
the diameter D = 30 mm and length L = 50 mm.
%3D
Under uniform cooling, a spherical casting of 25
mm diameter undergoes volumetric solidification
shrinkage and volumetric solid contraction of 2.5%
and 6.2%, respectively. Determine the diameter of
the casting after solidification.
A flat plate is to be cast in an open mold
whose bottom has a square shape that is 200
mm by 200 mm. The mold is 40 mm deep. A
total of 106 mm3 of molten aluminum is
poured into the mold. Solidification
shrinkage is known to be 6.0%. The linear
shrinkage due to thermal contraction after
solidification is 1.3%. If the availability of
molten metal in the mold allows the square
shape of the cast plate to maintain its 200
mm by 200 mm dimensions until
solidification is completed, determine the
final dimensions of the plate.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 10 - Explain why casting is an important manufacturing...Ch. 10 - Why do most metals shrink when they are cast?Ch. 10 - What are the differences between the...Ch. 10 - What are dendrites? Why are they called so?Ch. 10 - Describe the difference between short and long...Ch. 10 - What is superheat? Is it important? What are the...Ch. 10 - Define shrinkage and porosity. How can you tell...Ch. 10 - What is the function of chills? What are they made...Ch. 10 - Why is the Reynolds number important in casting?Ch. 10 - What is a sprue? What shape should a sprue have if...
Ch. 10 - How is fluidity defined? Why is it important?Ch. 10 - Explain the reasons for hot tearing in castings.Ch. 10 - Why is it important to remove dross or slag during...Ch. 10 - Why is Bernoullis equation important in casting?Ch. 10 - Describe thixocasting and rheocasting.Ch. 10 - What is Chvorinovs Rule?Ch. 10 - How is a blister related to a scab?Ch. 10 - Is there porosity in a chocolate bar? In an ice...Ch. 10 - Describe the stages involved in the contraction of...Ch. 10 - Explain the effects of mold materials on fluid...Ch. 10 - It is known that pouring metal at a high rate into...Ch. 10 - Describe the events depicted in Fig. 10.5.Ch. 10 - Would you be concerned about the fact that...Ch. 10 - Review Fig. 10.8 and make a summary, explaining...Ch. 10 - Make a sketch of volume vs. temperature for a...Ch. 10 - What practical demonstrations can you suggest to...Ch. 10 - Explain why a casting may have to be subjected to...Ch. 10 - List and explain the reasons why porosity can...Ch. 10 - Why does porosity have detrimental effects on the...Ch. 10 - A spoked handwheel is to be cast in gray iron. In...Ch. 10 - Which of the following considerations are...Ch. 10 - Explain why the constant C in Eq. (10.7) depends...Ch. 10 - Are external chills as effective as internal...Ch. 10 - Explain why, as shown in Table 10.1, gray cast...Ch. 10 - Referring to Fig. 10.11, explain why internal...Ch. 10 - Note the shape of the two risers shown in Fig....Ch. 10 - Is there any difference in the tendency for...Ch. 10 - What is the influence of the cross-sectional area...Ch. 10 - It has long been observed that (a) low pouring...Ch. 10 - In casting metal alloys, what would you expect to...Ch. 10 - If you inspect a typical cube of ice, you are...Ch. 10 - How can you tell whether cavities in a casting are...Ch. 10 - Describe the drawbacks to having a riser that is...Ch. 10 - Reproduce Fig. 10.2 for a casting that is...Ch. 10 - List the process variables that affect the...Ch. 10 - Assume that you have a method of measuring...Ch. 10 - A round casting is 0.2 m (7.9 in.) in diameter and...Ch. 10 - A cylinder with a diameter of 2.0 in. and a height...Ch. 10 - The constant C in Chvorinovs rule is given as 2.5...Ch. 10 - Pure copper is poured into a sand mold. The metal...Ch. 10 - For the sprue described in Problem 10.58, what...Ch. 10 - When designing patterns for casting, pattern...Ch. 10 - Can you devise fluidity tests other than that...Ch. 10 - Figure P10.55 indicates various defects and...Ch. 10 - The fluidity test shown in Fig. 10.9 illustrates...Ch. 10 - Utilizing the equipment and materials available in...Ch. 10 - One method of relieving stress concentrations in a...Ch. 10 - Describe the effects on mold design, including the...Ch. 10 - Small amounts of slag often persist after skimming...Ch. 10 - Design an experiment to measure the constants C...
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- (b) What are the factors that affecting the freezing rate during solidification of the molten metal and evaluate why nearly all metals experience shrinkage during solidification process.arrow_forwardQ1/ In a homogeneous solidification process, assume molten metal solidifies into a spherical nucleus with a BCC structure. The given data are; lattice parameter (0.292 nm), the heat of fusion energy (1.85×10-9 J/m³), latent surface free energy (0.204 J/m²), critical radius (1-35 nm), equilibrium melting temperature (1516 K), and room temperature (27 °C). Calculate the following for this metal; (a) supercooling value temperature (b) activation tree energy (c) number of atoms in a nucleus of critical size.arrow_forward(c) A square casting has a volume and surface area equal to 1000 mm³ and 600 mm² respectively, and a cylindrical riser through which the molten metal is poured has a volume and surface area equal to 282 mm³ and 244 mm² respectively. Using Chvorinov's rule, determine whether such a design would avoid shrinkage cavities.arrow_forward
- A cast steel slab of dimension 30 x 20 x 5 cm is poured horizontally using a side riser. The riser is cylindrical in shape with diameter and height, both equal to D. The freezing ratio of the mould is (a) 8D/75 (c) 75/8D (b) 4D/75 (d) 75/4Darrow_forward(a) Which variables affect the total solidification time for casting process? Justify your answer from a suitable equation. Q3 What are the factors that affecting the freezing rate during solidification of the molten metal and evaluate why nearly all metals experience shrinkage during solidification process.arrow_forward2) Explain the reasons for shrinkage that occurs during solidification of a cylindrical casting What do you make for compensation of shrinkage depending on the casting operation?arrow_forward
- (a) For the solidification of iron, calculate the critical radius r* and the activation free energy ΔG* if nucleation is homogeneous. Values for the latent heat of fusion and surface free energy are –1.85 × 109 J/m3 and 0.204 J/m2, respectively. Use the supercooling value ΔT = 286 K, and the melting point of iron is 1538°C. (Critical radius, r* in nm and Activation Free Energy ΔG* in J) (b) Now calculate the number of atoms found in a nucleus of critical size. Assume a lattice parameter of 0.292 nm for solid iron at its melting temperature. (Number of Atoms for Critical Size in atoms/critical nuclues)arrow_forwardIt's important to explain the fundamentals of strain hardening. Is this technique still reliable in hot conditions? Explainarrow_forwardWhat are some possible defects in drawn sheet-metal parts? In blanking of a circular sheet-metal part, is the clearance applied to the punch diameter or the die diameter? What is martensite? Based on the TTT curve, what is it that should be avoided during martensitic process? What is the main condition for strengthening an alloy by precipitation?arrow_forward
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Explanation of Solidification of Metals & Alloys | Manufacturing Processes; Author: Magic Marks;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5z9KknF_s8;License: Standard Youtube License