Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 2CHI
Most enzymes do not operate at their biochemical optima inside cells. Suggest why this is the case.
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Only a few amino acid residues are actually involved in catalysis in enzymes, yet enzymes are constructed of at least 100 amino acids, and often many more. Suggest some functions for the noncatalytic amino acids.
Many isolated enzymes, if incubated at 37°C, will be denatured. However, if the enzymes are incubated at 37°C in the presence of substrate, the enzymes are catalytically active. Explain this apparent paradox.
Several factors contribute to enzyme catalysis. What arethey? Briefly explain the effect of each.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 10.1 - Figure 10.2 The Relationship of G to the...Ch. 10.1 - What kinds of work are carried out in a cell?...Ch. 10.1 - What is thermodynamics? Summarize the first and...Ch. 10.1 - Define entropy and enthalpy. Do living cells...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 4RIACh. 10.1 - Prob. 5RIACh. 10.2 - Why is ATP called a high-energy molecule? How is...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the energy cycle and ATPs role in it....Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 10.3 - Prob. 2MI
Ch. 10.4 - Figure 10.6 Electron Movement and Reduction...Ch. 10.4 - How is the direction of electron flow between...Ch. 10.4 - When electrons flow from the NAD+/NADH conjugate...Ch. 10.4 - Which among the following would be the best...Ch. 10.4 - In general terms, how is G related to E0? What is...Ch. 10.4 - Name and briefly describe the major electron...Ch. 10.6 - Will an enzyme with a relatively high Km have a...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 10.6 - What is an apoenzyme? A holoenzyme? What are the...Ch. 10.6 - Illustrate the effect enzymes have on the...Ch. 10.6 - How does enzyme activity change with substrate...Ch. 10.6 - What special properties might an enzyme isolated...Ch. 10.6 - What are competitive and noncompetitive...Ch. 10.6 - How are enzymes and ribozymes similar? How do they...Ch. 10.7 - Figure 10.19 Allosteric Regulation. The structure...Ch. 10.7 - Figure 10.21 Feedback Inhibition. Feedback...Ch. 10.7 - Briefly describe the three ways a metabolic...Ch. 10.7 - Define the terms metabolic channeling and...Ch. 10.7 - Define allosteric enzyme and allosteric effector.Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 4RIACh. 10.7 - Prob. 5RIACh. 10.7 - What is the significance of the fact that...Ch. 10 - Examine the structures of macromolecules in...Ch. 10 - Most enzymes do not operate at their biochemical...Ch. 10 - Examine the branched pathway shown here for the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4CHI
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- Enzyme inhibition (compare and contrast reversible and irreversible inhibitors)arrow_forwardSubstrates and reactive groups in an enzyme’s active site must be precisely aligned in order for a productive reaction to occur. Why, then, is some conformational flexibility also a requirement for catalysis?arrow_forwardIn covalent catalysis, either nucleophilic catalysis or electrophilic catalysis occurs. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain.arrow_forward
- In any given enzyme, the active site is only a small portionof the entire molecule. Synthesis of such a relatively largemolecular machine requires an enormous amount of cellular energy. Explain why this inefficiency is tolerated.arrow_forwardOther than temperature and PH, discuss, in detail. Additional factors often necessary for the proper function of many enzymes in biological systems.arrow_forwardWith a branched biochemical pathway, why would it be important for a cell to shut down the first step as well as branching steps?arrow_forward
- Many studies that have revealed important biochemical processes in human beings, including those that underpin the development of new drugs, have been conducted in other organisms. These organisms include mammals such as mice and rats but also extend to single-celled organisms such as yeast. Why is this approach often productive?arrow_forwardThe milieu wherein enzymes occur in vivo is dramatically different from in vitro experiments, which is often used to investigate enzyme. Give an overview of this as well as the nature of enzyme reactions in vivo. Name, in addition, the factors affecting the concentration of enzymes in vivo.arrow_forwardA biochemical reaction will proceed in the direction as written if: Group of answer choices H > 0. G = zero. H G > 0. Garrow_forward
- Why is the regulation of biochemical processes important?List three reasonsarrow_forwardWhat are enzymes? What distinguishes enzymes from regular chemical catalysts? On the specificity of enzyme action, please comment. Which factor accounts for their specificity the most? Describe the enzyme catalysis mechanism.arrow_forwardExplain why the very tight binding of a substrate to an enzyme is not desirable for enzyme catalysis, whereas tight binding of the transition state is desirable.arrow_forward
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