Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10.1, Problem 3RIA
Define entropy and enthalpy. Do living cells increase entropy within themselves? Do they increase entropy in the environment?
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 10.1 - Figure 10.2 The Relationship of G to the...Ch. 10.1 - What kinds of work are carried out in a cell?...Ch. 10.1 - What is thermodynamics? Summarize the first and...Ch. 10.1 - Define entropy and enthalpy. Do living cells...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 4RIACh. 10.1 - Prob. 5RIACh. 10.2 - Why is ATP called a high-energy molecule? How is...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the energy cycle and ATPs role in it....Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 10.3 - Prob. 2MI
Ch. 10.4 - Figure 10.6 Electron Movement and Reduction...Ch. 10.4 - How is the direction of electron flow between...Ch. 10.4 - When electrons flow from the NAD+/NADH conjugate...Ch. 10.4 - Which among the following would be the best...Ch. 10.4 - In general terms, how is G related to E0? What is...Ch. 10.4 - Name and briefly describe the major electron...Ch. 10.6 - Will an enzyme with a relatively high Km have a...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 10.6 - What is an apoenzyme? A holoenzyme? What are the...Ch. 10.6 - Illustrate the effect enzymes have on the...Ch. 10.6 - How does enzyme activity change with substrate...Ch. 10.6 - What special properties might an enzyme isolated...Ch. 10.6 - What are competitive and noncompetitive...Ch. 10.6 - How are enzymes and ribozymes similar? How do they...Ch. 10.7 - Figure 10.19 Allosteric Regulation. The structure...Ch. 10.7 - Figure 10.21 Feedback Inhibition. Feedback...Ch. 10.7 - Briefly describe the three ways a metabolic...Ch. 10.7 - Define the terms metabolic channeling and...Ch. 10.7 - Define allosteric enzyme and allosteric effector.Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 4RIACh. 10.7 - Prob. 5RIACh. 10.7 - What is the significance of the fact that...Ch. 10 - Examine the structures of macromolecules in...Ch. 10 - Most enzymes do not operate at their biochemical...Ch. 10 - Examine the branched pathway shown here for the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4CHI
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- Figure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease?arrow_forwarda) Often, we want to think about entropy as the sum of the entropy of an organism and itssurroundings. Write a version of the second law including these two entropies. b. How does this help you understand how an organism can become more ordered andstill obey the 2nd law? c. Name some spontaneous processes that increase the entropy of the surroundings whileincreasing the order in an organism.arrow_forwardExplain Entropy and Biological Systems?arrow_forward
- The difference between living and nonliving entities is the presence of DNA and RNA. Why is this statement true in terms of entropy?arrow_forwardReflect on the concept of of entropy and relate it to life and death. How come a baby forms in the womb? Doesn't this violate the second law of thermodynamics? can we ever stop aging?arrow_forwardThe second law of thermodynamics, in a very general sense, states that entropy (S) is always increasing. ASuniverse AS system + AS surroundings > 0 When phospholipids are dispersed in an aqueous solution, they will often form more ordered structures in the form of micelles, liposomes, or lipid bilayers. This behavior seemingly contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. Why is this behavior in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics? Liposome Micelle Bilayer sheetarrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes a thermodynamically favorable (spontaneous) chemical reaction? It has a ΔG that is greater than zero and is endergonic. It has a ΔG that is greater than zero and is exergonic. It has a ΔG that is less than zero and is endergonic. It has a ΔG that is less than zero and is exergonic.arrow_forwardWhy is information considered as negative entropy?arrow_forwardImagine you are working in a lab, and you are performing two chemical reactions. You notice that Reaction A occurs much faster than Reaction B, and that both reactions release the same amount of heat. Which of the following conclusions can be made from your observation? Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is more negative (i.e., a larger negative number) than the AG for Reaction B. Reaction A has a lower activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has a higher activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is less negative (i.e., a smaller negative number) than the AG for Reaction B.arrow_forward
- For a reaction to be spontaneous, which of the following factors should have a negative sign? A Enthalpy and A Entropy A Temperature A Gibbs Free Energy and A Enthalpy AGibb's Free Energy, AEnthalpy and A Entropy Sellarrow_forwardDefine chemical equilibrium in the context of a chemical reaction. Why is this condition not favorable in cells? How do cells act biochemically to keep their reactions out of equilibrium?arrow_forwardHere is a chemical reaction: H₂O2 -> O2 + H₂O What is/are the reactants? What is/are the products? H₂O2 is the product while O₂ and H₂O are reactants. There are no products or reactants as an enzyme is needed for the reaction to occur. There are no products or reactants as O2 and H₂O occur in the environment. O H₂O2 is the reactant while O₂ and H₂O are productsarrow_forward
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